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Feminismo y Colonialismo | Feminism and ColonialismOne of the least discussed and most important aspects of European colonialism was the imposition of age old European patriarchal gender norms on Africa, the Americas, and Asia which went from a patchwork of gender role diversity to a macho culture brought by "Civilization.". As can be seen in India, patriarchalism and white supremacy have worked hand in hand within indo-european cultures for millenia.
Uno de los aspectos menos discutidos y más importantes del colonialismo
europeo fue la imposición de antiguas normas patriarcales europeas de
género en África, América y Asia, que pasaron de un mosaico de diversidad
de roles de género a una cultura machista traída por la "Civilización".
Como se puede ver en India, el
patriarcalismo y la supremacía blanca han trabajado de la mano dentro de
las culturas indo europeas durante
milenios. |
Feminismo decolonial: Una ruptura con la visión hegemónica, eurocéntrica,
racista y burguesa 12/3/2018 Iberoamerica Social: "Yuderkys Espinosa
Miñoso, activista y académica nacida en Santo Domingo, República Dominicana, es
una de las voces con más fuerza dentro del feminismo decolonial. Sus análisis
antirracistas y de clase dentro del movimiento son base de debates en la esfera
internacional. A pesar de su juventud tiene una gran producción dentro del mundo
académico, sobresaliendo su libro “Escritos de una lesbiana oscura: reflexiones
críticas sobre feminismo y política de identidad en América Latina”."
British Indirect rule completely marginalized Queenmothers 8/30/2018 Efe
Planga: "As Ghanaians we tend to misunderstand the effects of colonialism on
gender relations in our country. So let me leave you with a few pointers.
1.British Indirect rule completely marginalized Queenmothers (ahemaa) and the
dual-gendered political authority of the Akan."
What Karunanidhi Meant To Me As A Young Tamil Feminist 8/10/2018 Feminism
in India: "I remember being a young girl travelling in a train when I noticed a
transgender woman asking for money from many of the passengers. I realised she
was different from the others and the others were treating her very differently
indeed. When I asked my mother who she was, she answered “a thirunangai”. The
word seemed strange to me. Strange, because I’ve been speaking Tamil, my mother
tongue, for so many years yet I had never heard this word used before. When we
got back home, I started asking my dad about it and he told me that thirunangai
is used to refer to a transgender woman."
Women’s Empowerment Was a Big Deal In African Societies, Before Christianity and
Islam 3/23/2018 Atlanta Black Star: "Aside from being empowered in
marriage, precolonial African society had several avenues for women to exercise
power. Throughout African history we have numerous examples of woman as queens
who ruled, warriors who shed blood, and traders and merchants who built immense
fortunes. Vanderbilt professor Dr. Sandra Barnes, posits that “women in Africa
were “one of history’s most politically viable female populations.” Queens such
as Egypt’s Hatshepsut and Ethiopia’s Makeda (thought to be the biblical queen of
Sheba) were known for using their leadership and wisdom to protect, expand, and
enhance their nations."
'The Revolution Will Not Be NGO-ized': 4 Lessons From African Feminist
Organizing 8/3/2017 Alternet: "As African feminists, we face multiple
systems of oppression including the effects of colonization, neo colonization,
white supremacy, militarism, the globalization of capitalism and neoliberalism.
Yet our movements are more vibrant and radically political than ever before."
Sólo para negras 6/1/2017 Ideal: "Frente a estos ataques, las
afrofeministas de Mwasi replican que son la diana de «una campaña de información
errónea y noticias falsas orquestada por la extrema derecha más rancia». En su
apoyo ha hablado la dirección de La General, que reflexiona con ironía sobre
«todos estos comunitaristas blancos que de repente requieren el derecho a
asistir a una reunión que reivindica la militancia afrofeminista»."
Aux origines de la polémique sur le festival afroféministe Nyansapo 5/28/2017 Liberation: "La
maire de Paris, Anne Hidalgo, a annoncé vouloir saisir le préfet pour faire
interdire un festival afroféministe organisé pour partie dans un bâtiment
appartenant à la capitale et comprenant des ateliers en non-mixité. C'est le
dernier acte d'une polémique lancée par l'extrême droite et relayée par la
Licra."
Feminism Through the Ages in India: An Empowering Journey 9/30/2016 Better
India: "In the 17th century, Bibi Dalair Kaur, a Sikh woman, formed an all-woman
army to fight Mughal forces."
La táctica del fundamentalismo religioso para oprimir a la mujer en África 6/8/2014 Guinguinbali: "Solome
Nakaweesi, activista feminista de Uganda citada por Jessica Horn, dice que “con
la guerra contra el terrorismo, Estados Unidos ha tratado de etiquetar a los
musulmanes como más atrasados, pero el trabajo que hacemos acerca de la libertad
de las mujeres, sobre la liber elección y la autonomía pone como más peligrosos
a los pentecostales”."
Hablamos de LGTB: '¡Esto no es africano!' 5/20/2014 Guinguinbali: "“Lo que
realmente no es africano son las leyes homófobas que persisten en la mayoría de
países del continente”, explica. “La mitad de ellas son de origen victoriano. O
sea, otro trauma de la colonización. Son estas leyes las que legitiman todo tipo
de agresiones. La policía, los medios de comunicación y los jueces son ahora los
principales instigadores de ello”."
What India’s ‘Third Gender’ Ruling Means 5/6/2014 WBUR: "British colonial
regime launched a very massive critique of Hindu culture on many levels. Part of
this critique was a gendered critique, where British culture was seen as
masculine and assertive and scientific and rational, and Indian culture and
especially Hindu culture, was viewed as effeminate and weak and corrupt and
primitive. Men in India were viewed as effeminized in many ways, and of course
this created a tremendous response from Indian elites and from educated Indians,
people who absorbed colonial instruction in colleges and English schools, and
they became very, very defensive about this and very assertive of masculinity,
and so it became - a lot of these older traditions where gender was a more fluid
category became an embarrassment, you can say, in the 19th century, especially
to middle-class, educated Indians."
Sexuality and Gender in Colonialism 6/18/2013 Jadesmg: "Through sexuality
and gender roles, certain behaviours could be construed as uncivilised and
inappropriate for someone’s position in society. White men were expected to
uphold the European standards of masculinity and chivalry and native women were
perceived as interfering with this. White women were introduced into the
colonial world in order to fulfil a predetermined role, as wives, mothers, and
upholders of civil society. Thus, a clear divide was established between the
native women, encouraging men into undisciplined and rowdy behaviour, and white
women who could save men from becoming too native. Native people of the colonies
were also perceived as overtly sexual, conflicting with the European standards
of civility and control and seeming to colonialists as lowly, closer in
behaviour to that of the animals."
Gender & Power: Yoruba, Maasai, Igbo 6/1/2013 University of Vermont
Indian Women Liberation:Wake Up! 11/18/2011 YTEARS: "Woman always have a
special part in every man’s life. About 2500 years back in India women were the
one who perform prayer in temple even today there many women goddess in Indian
culture. After the arrival of pandit’s and Brahmin to India women were driven
out of temple as “untouchable of god”."
Hierarchies of Race and Gender in the French Colonial Empire, 1914–19461 6/1/2011 Cal
Poly
Chachawarmi:
Silence and Rival Voices on Decolonisation and Gender Politics in Andean Bolivia 2/15/2011 JSTOR: "This
article addresses the 'coloniality of gender' in relation to rearticulated
indigenous Aymara gender notions in contemporary Bolivia. While female
indigenous activists tend to relate the subordination of women to colonialism
and to see an emancipatory potential in the current process of decolonisation,
there are middle-class advocates for gender equality and feminist activists who
seem to fear that the 'decolonising politics' of the Evo Morales administration
would abandon indigenous women to their 'traditional' silenced subordination
within maledominated structures. From the dynamics of indigenous decolonial
projections, feminist critiques, middle-class misgivings and state politics, the
article explores the implications of these different discourses on colonialism,
decolonisation and women's subordination."
Aryan
Patriarchy and Dravidian Matriarchy 2/1/2007 Integral World: "...there is a
considerable body of evidence to show that prior to Aryan influence Dravidian
Indians worshipped the goddess."
THE FACTOR OF GENDER IN THE YORUBA TRANSNATIONAL RELIGIOUS WORLD 10/1/2001 Egloos: by
Rita Segato - "I address, here, three models for Yoruba gender ideas, as
expressed in religious themes and practices. I make reference to the models of
interpretation published by Oyeronke Oyewumi (1997) and Lorand Matory (1994)
about the Yoruba of Nigeria, which appeared by the University of Minnesota
Press, and to my own for the Yoruba religion in Brazil (1986; republished in
1989, 1995 and 2000 in Portuguese, and in 1997 in English)."
'Tihei Mauri
Ora: Honouring Our Voices. Mana Wahine as a Kaupapa Maori Theoretical Framework' 6/1/2001 Kaupapa
Maori: "This thesis is a theoretical journey. Its primary focus is the honouring
and affirmation of the voices of Maori women and the assertion of Mana Wahine as
a Kaupapa Maori theoretical framework. It is argued that Western theories are
inadequate in understanding and explaining Maori experiences and in particular
the experiences of Maori women. Kaupapa Maori theory provides the framework
within which this thesis is located."
BOOK REVIEWS: The Cultural Unity of Black Africa, The Domains of Matriarchy and
of Patriarchy in Classical Antiquity by Cheikh Anta Diop, 1989 12/1/1989 UFAHAMU
Feminismo - los antecedentes en Europa | European Background of Feminism
The Cultural Unity of Black Africa: The Domains of Patriarchy and of Matriarchy in Classical Antiquity, Cheikh Anta Diop,
1963
The Cultural Unity of Black Africa.pdf (up to page 47, has TOC)
www.morehouse.edu/facstaff/chewitt/Women%20in%20Society/The%20Cultural%20Unity%20of%20Black%20America/
Click here for pricing & to order 2000 edition ==>
International Academy HAGIA for Modern Matriarchal Studies
www.second-congress-matriarchal-studies.com/index.html 2005, with videos of the conference
"This groundbreaking congress will bring together speakers from Europe and the USA with a special invitation to indigenous women and men from matriarchal societies. The speakers will discuss both the theoretical and the cultural/political aspects of matriarchal societies. The social order of matriarchal societies is non violent. Contrary to the common prejudice, which sees matriarchies as "women's rule", these societies have real gender-egalitarian, consensus-based and peaceful traditions, in which all living creatures are respected. Although they have not been explored objectively and impartially until recently and have not been adequately represented in Western socio-cultural sciences, matriarchal forms of society still exist in various areas of the world and have had a long and interesting history."
Feminism in Africa
www.cddc.vt.edu/feminism/afgen.html
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