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Dr. Ivor L. Miller
Senior Lecturer, Department of History & International Studies
University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Associate, Hutchins Center, Harvard University 2016-present 


Calabar Ekpe leaders, body-masks, and musicians at Ivor Miller's investiture as a chief (Isun-Mbakara) 
at the Efe Ekpe Eyo Ema (Ekoretonko), in Calabar, Nigeria, 2004.

Ivor L. Miller is a scholar  focused on Cuban cultural history in the trans-Atlantic context. He has conducted research in Cuba since 1991. His dissertation (1995) focused on the Lukumi-Yoruba initiation systems of Ocha and Ifa (Santería) in Cuban society, the relationship of its practitioners and symbols to the nation's political class, as well as its influences in the USA (See Miller 2000). In collaboration with Dr. Wande Abimbola, in 1997 he published a book on the trans-Atlantic reach of Yoruba culture,  in Brazil, Cuba, Trinidad and the USA. Recent  publications treat the migration of Cross River peoples of Nigeria and Cameroon in West Africa who established  the Abakuá mutual aid society in Cuba (19th century), as well as the classical Bata drums of Ocha/Santeria, and their recent expansion  in popular and sacred music in the Western Hemisphere and globally.

Ivor Miller's Aerosol Kingdom (UP of Mississippi, 2002) documents and interprets the creation of Hip Hop culture in New York City from its beginnings in the late 1960s till the present, focusing on the Afro-Caribbean and African-American contributions resulting from 20th century migrations. Miller's current book, Voice of the Leopard (UP of Mississippi, 2008), documents the little known history of the Cuban Abakuá, a mutual-aid institution derived from the Ekpe (leopard) society of the Cross River region of Nigeria and Cameroon. Working with both Ékpè and Abakuá leaders, he has documented the foundation of the society in 19th century Havana, and its adaptations to Cuban society. Abakuá lore in Cuba has proven useful to Cross River peoples as they reconstruct their own cultural history. In  2001 he helped facilitate the first-ever encounter between the Efik of Nigeria and the related Abakuá of Cuba - an event sponsored by the Efik National Association at the Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, NY. Since then a series of further encounters were organized, in Michigan (2003), in Calabar (2004), and in Paris (2007).

Ivor Miller's collected papers and field recordings are housed in the Amherst College Library.

Miller has also written about Cuban artists working with initiation-symbols from African-derived systems, for example Juan Boza, Leandro Soto, and Francisco "Gordillo" Arredondo:

Kongo Cruzado: Lukumí and Kongo Identities in Cuba: the Art of Francisco ‘Gordillo’ ArredondoThe International Review of African American Art. Vol. 20, No. 2., 2005 by Ivor Miller  [2MB PDF]

Francisco 'Gordillo' Arredondo, "Echu"

Ivor Miller wrote Aerosol Kingdom: Subway Painters of New York City in 2002 and collaborated with Wande Abimbola on Ifá Will Mend Our Broken World: Thoughts on Yorùbá Culture in West Africa and the Diaspora in 1997.

Jesús Pérez and the transculturation of the Cuban batá drum.” Dialago. n. 7. Center for Latino Research. DePaul University. Spring, 2003

Religious Symbolism in Cuban Political Performance, 2000

Aerosol Kingdom: Subway Painters of New York City, 11/02

Introduction.” Special Issue. Contours: A Journal of the African Diaspora, based on a conference with Roman Diaz' group Omi Odara, 2003 [PDF: 233 kb]

Contacting Dr. Miller

Web site at Boston University:
people.bu.edu/imiller

 

Osain en Matanzas: Arará Lukumí Mayombe, 11/2017

With Felipe Estebes Cairo in the forest around Jaguey Grande, Matanzas, requesting permission from Osain, master of the forest, to cut a cedar tree to create a sacred Arará drum. October 2017

Con Felipe Estebes Cairo en el monte cerca de Jaguey Grande, Matanzas, pidiendo licencia para cortar un cedro para crear un tambor Arará de fundamento. Octubre 2017.

Osain en Matanzas: Arará Lukumí Mayombe

 

Sociedad Abakuá es tan fuerte en Cuba como en África,dice investigador Norteamericano, WDS,  8/13/07

How I went to Calabar and became an Ékpè Ambassador to the Cuban Abakuá brotherhood, 3/05

The Formation of African Identities in the Americas: Spiritual ‘ethnicity’.” Contours: A Journal of the African Diaspora by Ivor Miller, dedicated to Rogelio Martinez Fure, 2004. [PDF: 451 kb]

 

Links/Enlacestop

Interview with Author Oriri E. Oriri on "Tradition" and "Modernity" in a Cross River Community  5/1/2018 Transition, No 126: by Ivor Miller - "ORIRI EKOM ORIRI hails from Akparabong, an Ejagham-speaking rural community in the Ikom Local Government Area of Nigeria's Cross River State. His first novel, The Hunt, published by Calabar in 2010, describes in fascinating detail the indigenous institutions of his community: the Mgbe (Ekpe) "leopard" society for justice, the Moninkim coming of age rites for women, the age-grade system for community organization, and traditional marriage rites. The book then shows how westernization-the influence of Christianity, money and the police-transformed these traditional institutions. While Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart examines the tragic effect of western influence at the start of the British empire, The Hunt is set firmly in the late twentieth century. In keenly observed detail, Oriri's story sets forth the transformation of a community in the face of an uncertain modernity."

Osain en Matanzas-Arará-Lukumí-Mayombe  11/18/2017 Ivor Miller YouTube: "With Felipe Estebes Cairo in the forest around Jaguey Grande, Matanzas, requesting permission from Osain, master of the forest, to cut a cedar tree to create a sacred Arará drum. October 2017 Con Felipe Estebes Cairo en el monte cerca de Jaguey Grande, Matanzas, pidiendo licencia para cortar un cedro para crear un tambor Arará de fundamento. Octubre 2017."

Sandy Perez and Vanessa Lindberg welcomed Prof. Wole Soyinka  11/15/2017 Ivor Miller YouTube: "November 15, 2017, Sandy Perez and Vanessa Lindberg welcomed Prof. Wole Soyinka to Harvard University with chants and rhythms from Ará Okó 'land of Matazas', a center of African heritage in the Caribbean, to support Soyinka's presentation about the reclamation of Yoruba heritage in the face of colonialism. Ivor Miller. 15 Noviembre, 2017, Sandy Pérez y Vanessa Lindberg dieron la bienvenida a el Prof. Wole Soyinka a Harvard University con cantos y ritmos de Ará Okó 'la tierra de Matazas', la cuña de raíces africanas en el Caribe, para apoyar la presentación de Soyinka sobre la reclamación de la herencia Yoruba en resistencia al coloniaslimo."

‘Voice of the turtle’, Èyòngó nèwèn  8/30/2017 Cross River Culture: "The turtle is a universal symbol of the Mgbè society, extending to the historically related Abakuá society of Cuba, where Lydia Cabrera reported that, "many lodges display turtle shells during celebrations or sometimes have a live turtle in their Fambá [lodge hall] with the sign of Mokongo. These turtles wander around all the corners of the Fambá, going out to the patio and returning to the Foekue [inner sanctum]."

LYDIA CABRERA IN TRANSLATION  4/20/2017 Harvard University: "Speakers: Marial Iglesias Utset: Translating Cultures: Lydia Cabrera’s Liminal Worlds; Erwan Dianteill: The French Translation of El Monte (2003): Genesis, Difficulties and Reception of a Cuban Classic; Patricia González Gómez-Cásseres, and Ivor Miller: Translating Lydia Cabrera’s La lengua sagrada de los ñáñigos. Lydia Cabrera’s two decades of ethnographic research among Afro-Cuban communities produced an extraordinary body of publications on Afro Caribbean religions and folklore. Nevertheless, her oeuvre remains relatively unknown outside the Spanish-speaking world and very little of it has been translated."

Separated by the Slave trade: Nigerians and Cubans reunite through a shared cultural practice  9/1/2016 AfroCubaWeb: "by Ivor Miller, published in Nigeria in 2015 with Abakwa material from the diaspora."

Reinaldo Brito del Valle: Abakuá event  7/2/2016 YouTube: "An Abakuá event hosted by Reinaldo Brito del Valle of the Uriabón Efí lodge of Havana, 2016. Born in 1930 in Regla, Brito is the composer of many rumbas, including "El Niño Rey" and "Protesta Carabalí", both recorded by Yoruba Andabo. Video directed by Mayckell Pedrero."

Calabar-Cuba Radio with Ene Ita and Ivor Miller  4/3/2016 Cross River Cultural Heritage: reports from home and from the African Diaspora: with audio files - "In 2010, Mr. Ene Ita, a professional Master of Ceremonies with Cross River Broadcasting Corporation (CRBC), created a series 30 minute programs with Ivor Miller to review highlights of the Abakuá content in Cuban popular music, which had been recorded since the 1910s. During the programs, Miller introduces the recordings chronologically, decade by decade, and Ita responds in recognition of obvious terms in the Efik language, as well as in the initiation dialect of the Ékpè 'leopard' society of the Calabar region. This exercise was meant to introduce the people of Calabar city, as well as the Cross River and Akwa Ibom States to their ancestral heritage in the Caribbean. The programs were broadcast on CRBC every Wednesday at 5pm for about two years, with a tremendous response from the people. The programs were later discontinued by a new administration that seemed to privilege Christian and foreign popular music over the rich musical heritage of Calabar."

The Globalization of Calabar drums  2/2/2016 Cross River Cultural Heritage: "Through the centuries-long trans-Atlantic slave trade into the Caribbean (1500s-1800s), people from the Cross River region arrived in the thousands. Their cultural influence is evident in many ways, among them being the persistent use of drums with Cross River region tightening methods. These are found on the island of Cuba, in Panamá and Colombia, and recently, wherever else members of their communities have migrated."

Professor Eskor Toyo (1929-2015)  2/2/2016 Cross River Cultural Heritage: "Professor Eskor Toyo was a Nigerian Labor Organizer and a Professor of Economics at the University of Calabar. I learned about him while conducting research on Ékpè songs, which he loved to sing and interpret. From 2010-2012 I recorded a series of interviews with Toyo, whose knowledge of economic history was remarkable."

The Sacred Language of the Abakuá  8/1/2015 Cross River Cultural Heritage: "Cuban ethnographer and writer Lydia Cabrera (1899 Havana — 1991 USA), compiled a 530 page dictionary of Abakuá language, originally published as La lengua sagrada de los Náñigos (Miami: Ediciones Universales, Colección del Chickerekú en el exile, 1988). We are translating this work as The Sacred Language of the Abakuá, with translation and annotation by Patricia González (Director, Smith College), Victor Manfredi (Consultant, Boston University), and Ivor Miller (Consultant, University of Calabar, Nigeria)… This project is supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities."

Revue: MILLER "If We Lose Our Monolith Heritage, We Lose Our Identity"  6/28/2015 The Guardian, Nigeria: "Because most of the scholarship in West Africa and the Americas was focused on Yorùbá studies, when I made contact with ‘Carabalí’ elders in Havana who were ready to teach me about the relatively unknown history emerging from Calabar and its hinterlands, I began to focus on Calabar studies, where I have remained for some twenty years now."

LA MAKA EN DEFENSA DEL FOLCLOR CUBANO  7/7/2014 UNEAC: "En ese sentido, destacó la presencia en la Maka del doctor Ivor Miller, estadounidense de nacimiento que representa a la Universidad de Calabar en Nigeria y quien, junto a antropólogos cubanos, ha investigado sobre la presencia del Abakuá en Cuba —que nació de miembros de familias de inmigrantes Carabalíes y se mantiene a través de familias descendientes— y continúa en la labor de mantener un enlace de comunicación entre ambas comunidades. El doctor Miller distribuyó algunos ejemplares de la revista internacional “Calabar Mgbé”, que da cuenta de estos contactos desde que en 2001 se encontraran y reconocieran por primera vez. La sociedad Abakuá cubana, heredera de las sociedades “Efik Ekpé” y “Ejagham Ngbé” del sudeste de Nigeria y el suroeste de Camerún, fue fundada en La Habana en 1836 por los líderes capturados en las aldeas de Río Cruz. El nombre del primer grupo Abakuá en nuestro país se inspiró en el de un pueblo Efik de la región Río Cruz, cuyos líderes actuales han expresado su orgullo de saber que sus antepasados disfrutan del desarrollo de su culto en Cuba."

Èkpé and Abakua with Chief Dr. Ivor Miller, Asukuo Ukpong and Roman Diaz  6/27/2014 N'dibo Yeve N'go: "In recent radio show here in New York I had the opportunity to broadcast from the home of Afro Cuban master drummer Mr. Roman Diaz. We sat down with Chief Dr. Ivor Miller, Asukuo Ukpong, Pan-Africanist, architect and scholar, to discus the nature and context of select Calabar Highlife and urban styles of Cuban Son that feature Èkpé and Abakuá themes. Click on the links below to hear the programs." -- "Tuve la dicha de transmitir dos programas con ilustres maestros de las sociedades Èkpé y Abakuá, reunidos en casa del maestro Roman Diaz, para llevar a la luz la raiz y el contexto de temas culturales dentro del genero Highlife de Calabar y el Son urbano de Cuba. Escuchemos la influencia del Èkpé y el Abakuá, respectivamente, llevado por custodios de la cultura como eran Ekpe Ita y Ignacio Piñeiro. Dos generos tan importante en la cultura popular en ambos lados del atlantico. El Embakara, Dr. Ivor Miller de la Universidad de Calabar y el señor Asukuo Ukpong del Calabar, junto a el maestro Roman Diaz, hablaran con mucha profundidad sobre este tema para todos aquellos que aman esta cultura, llevenadola siempre a los niveles mas altos de la esfera socio-cultural."

Q&A With Cultural Historian, Author and Senior Lecturer Ivor Miller  6/17/2014 Jazzdelapena: "Q&A with Ivor Miller, Cultural Historian, Author And Senior Lecturer at the Department of History and International Studies at the University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria."

Voice of the Leopard - Ekpe Songs  3/6/2014 YouTube: A whole series of videos, recorded in Agoi Ibami, Cross River, Nigeria by Ivor Miller and Alex Jomaron.

Obras de fundación: la sociedad abakuá en los años noventa  10/15/2012 Caminos: publicado en 1998, de Ivor Miller

Cuban and Cameroon Ékpè in DC  8/27/2012 N'dibo Yeve N'go: "This past weekend has been an important one for Abakuá and Ékpè members alike. Here are images and music from all the encounters between Cuban Abakuá Roman Diaz and Angel Guerrero accompanied by a song they learned from Sisiku Assám Assám . In just a little while Dr. Ivor Miller will be presenting his talk as Senior Fellow at the Smithsonian museum. We are very grateful to Dr. Johnnetta Cole and all the staff at the National Museum of African Art."

Conferencia sobre historia de las culturas de ascendencia Carabalí  10/24/2011 Observatorio critico desde Cuba: "El profesor norteamericano Ivor Miller es uno de los investigadores más profundos del tema Abakuá y sus similares de África, con años de profundos estudios antropológicos de campo en Cuba y en el Continente Negro."

Dr. Ivor Miller On Greenpeace Radio Oct.3rd 2011  10/3/2011 Cuba Calabar Radio: "Dr. Miller discusses Afro-Cuban culture, Abakuá, Èkpé and the environmental impact on the forests of Cross River Cultures in Nigeria and Cameroon. Features Music by Victor Herrera, Arsenio Rodriguez, Enyenison Enkama, Celia Cruz and music from the archives of distinguished folklorist and author Lydia Cabrera."

Calabar Radio Broadcast W/Ene Ita and Chief Dr. Ivor Miller.  8/5/2010 Cuba Calabar Radio: "Chief Dr. Ivor Miller is a Fulbright scholar in Calabar, researching Ekpé culture and exploring the links between Ekpé and Abakuá culture from Cuba."

Voice of the Leopard Companion CD  7/14/2010 Cuba Calabar Radio: "This is a collection of 9 songs cited in Dr. Ivor Millers latest publication The Voice of The Leopard. I hope you will enjoy this latest stream and continue to grace us with your comments and feedback. We would really like to hear from all of you."

VOICE OF THE LEOPARD: IVOR MILLER talks to NED SUBLETTE  8/9/2007 Afropop: "The voice of the leopard is the main symbol of the Ekpe society of the Cross River region of Nigeria and Cameroon, which was re-created in colonial Cuba as the Abakuá society. And it’s a symbol in both. Essentially the leopard is a sign of royalty all over Central West Africa and the Calabar zone, and it’s a symbol of their political autonomy. Every village in the Cross River region that has Ekpe has their own way to manifest the voice, which means, “we are independent.”"

VOICE OF THE LEOPARD: IVOR MILLER talks to NED SUBLETTE  6/1/2007 Afropop Worldwide: "The voice of the leopard is the main symbol of the Ekpe society of the Cross River region of Nigeria and Cameroon, which was re-created in colonial Cuba as the Abakuá society. And it’s a symbol in both. Essentially the leopard is a sign of royalty all over Central West Africa and the Calabar zone, and it’s a symbol of their political autonomy. Every village in the Cross River region that has Ekpe has their own way to manifest the voice, which means, “we are independent.”

Cuban Abakua Chants: Examining New Linguistic and Historical Evidence for the African Diaspora  4/1/2005 African Studies Review: by Ivor Miller

Obras de fundación: la sociedad abakuá en los años noventa  1/1/1998 Caminos: de Ivor Miller
 

Presentation  on Ékpè and Abakuá by Dr. Ivor Miller - 27 August 2012 2:00pm, National Museum of African Art’s Lecture Hall, Washington DC - live musictop
With the support of traditional intellectuals as well as musicians and dancers from Cameroon and Cuba.

Ngolo CameroonSenior Fellow Dr. Ivor Miller will be giving a presentation on Monday 27 August at 2:00pm. This talk will be in the National Museum of African Art’s Lecture hall and will include some special guests! Please forward this message on to anyone you think may be interested. See below for a synopsis of the talk:

For centuries, the Ékpè ‘leopard’ society of the Cross River region in southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon was the supreme institution of governance that also embodied esoteric teachings about the life-cycle. African migrants in colonial Cuba recreated Ékpè in the early 1800s to protect members in a slave society and to gain their freedom. They called it Abakuá, after the Àbàkpà community of Calabar, Nigeria. During this process, Abakuá scribes documented large portions of their cultural history in 19th century manuscripts. Hidden from outsiders until recently, this little-known ‘people’s history’ is being shared with West African cultural leaders who are using it to understand their own pre-colonial traditional institutions and arts.

With reference to photographs in the NMAfA collections, Ivor Miller will present key themes of this story with the support of traditional intellectuals as well as musicians and dancers from Cameroon and Cuba. The foci will be on trans-Atlantic cultural identities, symbols of ‘universal motherhood’, and the functions of ‘life-giving’ drums. The role of the Museum as a link between continental Africans and African-descendants in the USA to explore their legacies in the arts will be addressed. Traditional chiefs from Cameroon who live in the Washington D.C. region will participate.

See http://ndiboyevengo.blogspot.com/2012/08/senir-smithsonian-fellow-chief-dr-ivor.html for further info at N'dibo Yeve N'go.

A Cultural History of Cross River Civilization, National Museum of African Art, Washington, DC 11/28/2011

Ivor Miller, Senior Fellow, Smithsonian National Museum of African Art presents
 
After recreating African institutions of governance in the Caribbean during the colonial era, African descendants also documented large portions of their cultural history in 19th century manuscripts. Hidden from outsiders until recently, this little-known story has been shared with West African cultural leaders who are using it to understand their own pre-colonial traditional institutions and arts. With reference to photographs and objects in the NMAfA collections, Ivor Miller will present key themes of this story with the support of musicians and dancers from Cameroon and Cuba. The focus will be the Ekpè ‘leopard’ society of the Cross River region in southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon, and the historically related Cuban Abakuá society. Traditional chiefs from Cameroon who live in the Washington DC region will participate.
 
Time
Monday, November 28 @ 4 p.m.
 
Place
National Museum of African Art
950 Independence Avenue, SW
 

 Ibiono-Ibom, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, 2011

Colloquium on Language, History and Culture, 12/23/2010, University of Calabartop

National Museum, Calabar, Old Residency Gallery
December 23, 2010.


Sponsored by The Senator Bassey Ewa-Henshaw Center for Indigenous Languages, History and Culture of the University
of Calabar, The Department of History of the University of Calabar, the National Commission for Museums and
Monuments (Old Residency, Calabar).

Speakers:
Engineer Bassey Efion Bassey.
“Ékpè the Teacher”

Dr. Ivor L. Miller.
“Cross River Sources for Ékpè in the Americas.”

Dr. Òfíón Ànì Òfíón.
“The ‘Primitive’ in the Contemporary: Recurrent Socio-cultural issues in E.N. Amaku’s works.”

Dr. David Imbua.
“Slave Trade and Slavery remembered: A Study of the Slave History Museum in Calabar.”

Professor Òkòn E. Ùyà, Chair

Chief Dr. Ivor Miller is interviewed on Cross River TVtop, 4/14/2010
www.youtube.com/watch?v=0KSzVRBnSIU

NdiboYeveNgo April 14, 2010Dr. Miller talks with Mrs Offiong Ani Offiong about Ekpé traditions preserved in Cuba for over 200 years and the way in which these traditions have been faithfully preserved by Abakua members from lodges in Havana and Matanzas. www.crbconline.net

Calabar, Nigeria, Calabar Mgbe honor Ivor Miller, 30/5/2008

[We note that in Calabar the role of women is much stronger than among Abakua in Cuba. The general manager of the CRBC TV station, for example, is a woman as are many members of her staff and her board. -- Andy Petit]

 

Calabar, Nigeria, Calabar Mgbe honor Ivor Miller, 30/5/2008

For Miller's send-off from Nigeria, Calabar Mgbe prepared a statement of appreciation, read at the home of its President, Chief, E. E. Imona, in Big Qua Town, Calabar.

 

University of Wisconsin, 9/22/2007

Afro-Cuba at the Crossroads: Arts, Culture, History, conference. University of Wisconsin at Madison. Nov 30, 2007

"Cross River Philosophy and Arts in Cuban Abakua"
Ivor L. Miller, Reseeach Fellow, African Studies Center, Boston University
The Abakua mutual-aid society of Cuba was created in the 1830s based upon the Ekpe leopard society of West Africa's Cross River basin; both societies are organized into a hierarchy of grades, each with a specific function. Abakua masquerades and drum construction, as well as musical structures, are largely based on Ekpe models. The presentation offers examples of Cross River expressive arts in Abakua ritual performance. Discussant - Henry Drewal **To listen to his radio program on this topic (can be downloaded and listened to -- it is up for a limited time on-line) go to: www.afropop.org/radio/radio_program/ID/686/The%20Voice%20of%20the%20Leopard

Caribbean Cultural Center, NYC, 9/28/2006top

"West African Ekpe and the Cuban Abakua, an historical continuum." With  percusionists Roman Díaz and Vicente Sanchez. Sept. 28, Caribbean Cultural Center in Manhattan. Co-presenter, Chief Akanji of Nigeria's Ogboni society.  See also Oriki Omi Odara, Roman Diaz' group

Amherst College, 4/02, 2002 - "New Evidence for the African Diaspora in the Cuban Abakua Society."

Lecture / performance by Dr. Ivor Miller, Copeland Fellow at Amherst College, accompanied by Omí Odara, a five member performance troupe directed by 'Roman' Díaz. Mr. Díaz is a title holder of the Abakua society, and a member of the sacred bata drum guild, Añá. Omí Odara performed Ireme masquerade dances and related chants, derived from the region of Calabar, Nigeria and recreated in 19th century Cuba, where they are integral to  Abakua rites.

Graduate Center City University of New York, 3/15/2002 - "African Diaspora and the Cuban Abakuá Society."

Sponsored by the Cuba Project/Bildner Center for Western Hemisphere Studies, The Graduate Center City University of New York.

"The African Diaspora and the Cuban Abakuá Society" 
Ivor Miller, Cultural Historian and Fellow, Institute for Research on the African Diaspora in the Americas and the Caribbean (IRADAC), The City College of New York. A lecture demonstration with Roman Diaz and Pedro Martinez. 

Publicationstop

Ivor L. Miller                 

Ph.D, Northwestern University; M.A., Yale University

Publications

BOOKS  

2020        The Sacred Language of the Abakuá. A translation and analysis of Lydia Cabrera's La lengua sagrada de los Ñáñigos (1988).

2017        Calabar on the Cross River: Historical and Cultural Studies. Eds. D. Imbua, P. Lovejoy, and I. Miller. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press

2011        Voice of the Leopard: African Secret Societies and Cuba. UP of Mississippi, printed in Nigeria by the Center for Black and African Arts and Civilization (CBAAC).

2009
        Voice of the Leopard: African Secret Societies and Cuba. UP of Mississipi

2002        Aerosol Kingdom: Subway Painters of New York City. UP of Mississippi. Reprinted 2012

1997        Ifá Will Mend Our Broken World: Thoughts on Yorùbá Culture in West Africa and the Diaspora. Wande Abimbola. Interviews and introduction by Ivor Miller. AIM Books, Roxbury, MA. 206 pages.

ARTICLES:

2024

Abakuá”. The Oxford Handbook of Caribbean Religions. Ed., M. Gonzalez Maldonado. Pp 89-95.

Conjuntos instrumentales de Calabar, Nigeria, en La Habana (2015-2024).” With Julio I. Martínez. Afro-Hispanic Review. V41, n1 (Spring). Pps. 102-114

2022

Cultural Stones in the Cross River Region and its Atlantic Diaspora.” The Bakor Monoliths, Factum Foundation. Catalog for an exhibit at the British Museum and the National Museum, Nigeria. Pp 94-139.

Review of Njoku, Raphael Chijioke. West African Masking Traditions and Diaspora Masquerade Carnivals: History, Memory, and Transnationalism." H-Africa, H-Net Reviews. August, 2022.

2021

"Prieto: Linajes reales yorùbá en la Cuba colonial. Reseña crítica." Catauro, Revista Cubana de Antropología, Año 21, No. 39, Fundación de Fernando Ortiz, La Habana : pp. 161-186.

2020

Ékpè ‘leopard’ association songs from the Cross River region.” International Journal of Linguistics and Communication. Coauthor, M. Òkôn. University of Calabar. V. 7 : 86-121.

La sociedad secreta Abakuá. Legado de culturas africanas en el nuevo mundo." N. Hidalgo, Compilador. Medellín: Ediciones UNAULA, pp. 51-63.

Prieto: Yorùbá Kingship in Colonial Cuba during the Age of Revolutions”, by Henry B. Lovejoy, 2018.” Book Review, Cahiers d’Etudes Africaines, Paris. LX (3), 239 : 722-725.

2019

El legado de Aponte en la cultura popular cubana.” José Antonio Aponte: perspectivas interdisciplinarias. La Habana: Instituto Cubano de Investigación Cultural Juan Marinello. Pp. 139-164.

Relaciones entre formas tradicionales de la comunicación cultural en el Calabar y el legado escrito entre los abakuá cubanos.” Catauro: revista cubana de antropología . (Havana). Año 18/no. 33-34/2016. Pp. 5-40. [printed in 2019].

2018

Aponte’s legacy in Cuban popular culture.” Afro-Hispanic Review. V. 37, n. 2 (Fall). Pp. 121-146.

Interview with Author Oriri E. Oriri on ‘Tradition’ and ‘Modernity’ in a Cross River Community.Transition: The Magazine of Africa and the Diaspora. #126. Harvard University, pp. 104-116.

“The Relationship Between Early Forms of Literacy in Old Calabar and Inherited Manuscripts of the Cuban Abakuá Society.” Afro-Hispanic Review. V. 35, n. 2 (Fall 2017). Vanderbilt University, pp. 130-165. (reprint of 2017 essay). Pp. 162-196.

“The Sacred Language of the Abakuá.” With Patricia González. 20 page sample English translation of Lydia Cabrera’s La lengua sagrada de los Náñigos (1988). Afro-Hispanic Review. V. 35, n. 2 (Fall 2017). Pp. 124-141.

“The Ékpè ‘leopard’ society of Africa and Its Cuban Diaspora: A Conversation between Cultural Leaders.” With Angel Guerrero & Mbe Tazi. Afro-Hispanic Review. V. 35, n. 2 (Fall 2017). Pp. 142-161.

2017

"Introduction.” Calabar on the Cross River: Historical and Cultural Studies. Eds. D. Imbua, P. Lovejoy, and I. Miller. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press, pp. 11-21.

The Relationship Between Early Forms of Literacy in Old Calabar and Inherited Manuscripts of the Cuban Abakuá Society.Calabar on the Cross River: Historical and  Cultural Studies. Eds. D. Imbua, P. Lovejoy, and I. Miller. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press, pp. 177-215.

The future of urban palenques.” Introduction to Regla, a book of photographs by Nicola Lo Calzo on Cuban popular culture. Kehrer Verlag Heidelberg Berlin. ISBN: 978-3- 86828-788-2.

2016

“Cuban Abakuá Music. Médiathèque Caraïbe, Conseil Départemental de la Guadeloupe (June). www.lameca.org/dossiers/abakua_music/eng/

Kongo Graphic Writing, by Bárbaro Martínez-Ruiz, 2013.” Book Review: Hispanic American Historical Review. Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

2015

Hip-hop visual arts.” The Cambridge Companion to Hip-hop. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge U P. Justin Williams, editor. Pp: 32-41.

Separated by the Slave trade: Nigerians and Cubans reunite through a shared cultural practice” in African Indigenous Religious Traditions in Local and Global Contexts: Perspectives on Nigeria. A Festschrift in Honour of Jacob K. Olupona. Ed., David O. Ogungbile. Lagos: Malthouse Press Ltd. Pps. 363-388.

2014

Abakuá Communities in Florida: Members of the Cuban Brotherhood in Exile.” Africa in Florida. Eds., Amanda Carlson & Robin Poynor. UP of Florida. Pps. 249-275.

2012
Bongo Ita : leopard society music and language in West Africa, Western Cuba, and New York City, Journal of Africa and Black Diaspora. 5.1 : 85-103. Routledge P.

“Ékpè ‘leopard’ society in Africa and the Americas: Influence and Values of an Ancient Tradition.” With Dr. Mathew Ojong, University of Calabar. Ethnic and Racial Studies. Special Issue on “Secret or Private Organisations, Race & Ethnicity.” U.K. Pps. 1-16.

2011
"Faith: Abakuá Society." Cuba: People, Culture, History. Encyclopedia: Charles Scribner's Sons. pps. 287-292.

"Language: Abakuá in Cuba and its influence on Spanish usage." Cuba: People, Culture, History. Encyclopedia: Charles Scribner's Sons. pps. 535-536.

2009 
Naturalizing identity politics. A review of Herskovits at the Heart of Blackness. DVD. |H-Net Reviews. 

Honoring Verger’s Legacy: Pierre Verger: Messenger Between Two Worlds. DVD. Grande Premio Cinema Brasil, 2000. 83 minutes. H-Net Reviews in the Humanities. 

The genesis of African and Indian cooperation in colonial North America: An Interview with Helen Hornbeck Tanner. Ethnohistory Quarterly. 56.2 (Spring, 2009) American Society for Ethnohistory.

2007

Cantos Abakuá de Cuba: examen de la nueva evidencia lingüística e histórica de la diáspora africana. Catauro: Revista cubana de antropología. Havana: Fundación Fernando Ortiz. Año 8. No. 15. pps. 4-33. Translation of my 2005 African Studies Review essay.

“Abakuá: The Signs of Power.” Program notes for a performance and exhibition of paintings by Leandro Soto. Interdisciplinary Arts and Performance Gallery. Arizona State University. Phoenix. February. 

2006
                            

Liner notes to Tambor Lukumí: Andrés Chacón y Iré Iré. Música Afro-Cubana. Three CD set. EarthCDs. 2006. 27 pages.

2005                            

Cuban Abakuá chants: examining new linguistic and historicl evidence for the African  Diaspora.” African Studies Review. April. 2005, v. 48. n.1.pp. 23-58.

How I went to Calabar and became an Ékpè Ambassador to the Cuban Abakuá brotherhood.” WARA Newsletter (West African Research Association). Spring, 2005. Pps. 11-13. 

Kongo Cruzado: Lukumí and Kongo Identities in Cuba: the Art of Francisco ‘Gordillo’ Arredondo.” The International Review of African American Art. Vol. 20, No. 2. Pp. 16-24. [PDF - 2MB]

Abakuá entry (1000 words). Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History: The Black Experience in the Americas. Colin Palmer, Editor in Chief. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA.

Graffiti entry (2000 words). Encyclopedia Latina: History, Culture, and Society in the United States. Vol. 2. Ilan Stavans, Ed. Grolier Academic. Pp. 266-70.

“On Hip-Hop”; “Ògún and Aerosol Art”; “The Trains and Aerosol”; “’Writing’, Not ‘Graffiti’.” The Greenwood Encyclopedia of African American Folklore. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

2004                            

The Formation of African Identities in the Americas: Spiritual ‘ethnicity’.” Contours: A Journal of the African Diaspora. 2, 2 : 193-222.

Introduction.” Special Issue. Contours: A Journal of the African Diaspora. 2, 2 : 141-156.

“Notes from the Underground: the Increasing Relevance of Hip Hop” Black Renaissance/ Renaissance Noire. New York Univ. 6, 1 : 146-154. 

“El tambor como madre en la sociedad Abakuá.” Madre África: conceptos maternos en escultura tradicional africana. Centro Cultural Conde/ Duque. Madrid, Spain. (April-June) : 12-16. 

“Introduction.” A Quatre Mains. CRASH/ H. Di Rosa catalogue. Galerie Speerstra. Paris, France. Pp. 1-2. 

2003               top

Jesús Pérez and the transculturation of the Cuban batá drum.” Dialago. n. 7. Center for Latino Research. DePaul University. Spring : 70-74.

2000                           

A Secret Society Goes Public: The Relationship Between Abakuá and  Cuban Popular Culture.” African Studies Review. vol. 43, no. 1 (April, 2000)  pp. 161 - 88. (Mine was the first article published in this journal to use tone markers for West African tonal languages). 

 “Religious Symbolism in Cuban Political Performance.” TDR: A Journal of Performance Studies. Vol. 44, no. 2 (T166) pp. 30 - 55.  [PDF, 2.5 MB]

“Obras de fundación: la Sociedad Abakuá en los años 90.” Caminos: Revista Cubana de Pensamiento Socioteológico. La Habana: Centro Memorial Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. nos. 13-14 : 24 - 35. 

1996                            

“We, The Colonized Ones: Peruvian Artist Kukuli Speaks About Her Art and Experience.” American Indian Culture and Research Journal 20. 1 : 1 - 25.

1995                           

"Belief and Power in Contemporary Cuba: The Dialogue Between Santería Practitioners and Revolutionary Leaders.” Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Performance Studies, Northwestern University. Advisor, Margaret T. Drewal.   

“The Singer As Priestess: Interviews with Two Cuban Artists.” Sounding Off!: Music as Subversion/ Resistance/Revolution. Eds., Ron Sakolsky & Fred Wei-han Ho. New York: Autonomedia. 287 - 304.   

“We, The Colonized Ones: Kukuli Speaks.” Third Text: Third World Perspectives on Contemporary Art & Culture 32 (Autumn) : 94 - 102.

“Eno Washington: the memoirs of a Mississippi shaman.” (with Jill Cutler) Race & Class 36. 3 : 21-38.   

“Interview with Abdel R. Salaam,” director of Forces of Nature Dance Company, New York City. New York Public Library Performing Art- Dance Division. [6 cassettes — *MGZMT 3-1870].

1994                           

“Celina González: The “Queen” of the Punto Cubano.” (with Idania Diaz) LUCERO: Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies 5 : 9 - 20. 

 “Celina González: Queen of the Punto Cubano.” Trans. Ivor Miller. The Beat 13. 2 : 46 - 47.

1993                           

“Guerrilla Artists of New York City.” Race & Class 35. 1 : 27 - 40.

1992                           

“No More Carnivals: Cubans Struggle to Survive Their Economic Crisis.” International Forum at Yale 12. 1 : 23 - 27.

1991                            

“Night Train: The Power That Man Made.” New York Folklore  XVII. 1-2 : 21 - 43.

1990  

“If It Hasn't Been One Of Color: an interview with Roy DeCarava.” Callaloo: Journal of African-American and African Arts and Letters.13. 4 : 847 – 857. 

Video Program - DANCE ON THE WIND

Illustrates the life and work of Eno D. Washington, an African-American dancer, who has studied the connections between African and African-American dance forms. The program intersperses interviews with Washington with lively performance footage and remarkable archival footage of African and African-American dance.

Winner of the 1992 Connecticut Film & Video competition.  Judge's Special Merit Award, 1993 New England Film & Video Competition Broadcast on Connecticut Public TV. Distributed by Cinema Guild, Inc. 

Produced by Marty Frame, Ivor Miller, Jeremy Brecher and Jill Cutler
1994, color, 30 mins., video
Uses: Anthropology, African Studies, African-American Studies, Dance

Contacting Ivor Millertop

Research Fellow
African Studies Center
Boston University
Boston, MA
email: imiller_AT_hampshire.edu

 

Contacting AfroCubaWeb

Electronic mail
acw_AT_afrocubaweb.com [replace _AT_ with @]

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