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The Second Amendment to the US Constitution and Slavery |
The Second Amendment Was Adopted to Protect Liberty, Not Slavery 10/12/2021 Independent
Institute: " The predecessor of the Amendment was the English Declaration of
Rights of 1689, which protected the right of Protestants to have arms. England
had no domestic slave population. Beginning in 1776, some states adopted bills
of rights that recognized the right to bear arms. Three of them were Northern
states that abolished slavery. When the federal Constitution was proposed in
1787, it was criticized for lack of a bill of rights. Demands for recognition of
the right to bear arms emanated from antifederalists, including abolitionists,
in the Northern states, while several Southern states ratified without demanding
amendments at all."
Historian Falsely Claims The Second Amendment Was Created To Protect Slavery 6/3/2021 Federalist: "Anderson’s
attempt to make racism the reason behind the establishment of the Second
Amendment falls in lockstep with Marxist curricula like the New York Times’ 1619
Project. The goal isn’t merely to just falsify our history, but to do so in a
way that breeds further division within the country. Rather than divide us by
economic status or class, this kind of “racial Marxism” seeks to pit Americans
against one another based on race."
Historian Uncovers The Racist Roots Of The 2nd Amendment 6/2/2021 NPR: "It
was in response to the concerns coming out of the Virginia ratification
convention for the Constitution, led by Patrick Henry and George Mason, that a
militia that was controlled solely by the federal government would not be there
to protect the slave owners from an enslaved uprising. And ... James Madison
crafted that language in order to mollify the concerns coming out of Virginia
and the anti-Federalists, that they would still have full control over their
state militias — and those militias were used in order to quell slave revolts.
... The Second Amendment really provided the cover, the assurances that Patrick
Henry and George Mason needed, that the militias would not be controlled by the
federal government, but that they would be controlled by the states and at the
beck and call of the states to be able to put down these uprisings."
Slave-patrols and the Second Amendment: How Fears of Abolition empowered the
idea of an armed militia 8/9/2020 Milwaukee Independent: "If the
antislavery folks in the North could figure out a way to disband those southern
militias—or even just to move the militias out of the states—the police state of
the South would collapse. And, similarly, if the North were to invite into
military service the slaves of the South, then they could be emancipated, which
would collapse the institution of slavery—and the southern economic and social
systems—altogether. These two possibilities worried southerners like James
Monroe, George Mason – who owned more than 300 slaves, and the southern
Christian evangelical Patrick Henry – the largest slaveholder in the state of
Virginia. Their main concern was that Article 1, Section 8, of the newly
proposed Constitution—which gave the federal government the power to raise and
supervise a militia—could also allow that federal militia to subsume their state
militias and change them from slavery-enforcing institutions into something that
could even, one day, free the slaves. This was not an imagined threat. Famously,
12 years earlier, during the lead-up to the Revolutionary War, Lord Dunmore
offered freedom to slaves who could escape the American South and join his
forces. “Liberty to Slaves” was stitched onto the pocket flaps of the escapees’
jackets. During the war, British General Henry Clinton extended the practice in
1779. And numerous freed slaves served in General Washington’s army."
Black Gun Rights Group Armed with Rifles Escorts Michigan Lawmaker Into Capitol
to Make Statement About Second Amendment and African-Americans 5/11/2020 Atlanta
Black Star: "Michael Lynn Jr., a Black Lansing firefighter and community
activist who helped organize Anthony’s security detail, said he suspected that
cops would’ve been a bit more cautious — and perhaps violent — had his group
been as boisterous as some of the crowds last week. His hoped that Wednesday’s
escort changed the narrative to prove that Second Amendment rights aren’t
limited on the basis of race."
How Slave Owners Dictated the Language of the 2nd Amendment 8/18/2019 Daily
Beast: "Only the white men in the Virginia militia had the right to bear arms.
Free African-Americans could join the militia, but they were limited to being
drummers or buglers. The case for seeing the Second Amendment as part of the
early debate over slave control and militias has been made with great
persuasiveness by former Pennsylvania Assistant Attorney General Anthony F.
Picadio in both the 2019 Pennsylvania Bar Quarterly and Transpartisan Review and
by law professor Carl T. Bogus in the University of California, Davis Law Review
of 1998. And in addition to such books as Professor Sally Hadden’s 2003 study,
Slave Patrols: Law and Violence in Virginia and the Carolinas, and Brennan
Center for Justice President Michael Waldman’s 2014 history, The Second
Amendment: A Biography, there are also strong op-eds on this subject."
The Slave-State Origins of Modern Gun Rights 9/30/2015 Atlantic: "The
opinion most enthusiastically embraced by public-carry advocates is Nunn v.
State, a state-court decision written by Georgia Chief Justice Joseph Henry
Lumpkin in 1846. As a jurist, Lumpkin was a champion both of slavery and of the
Southern code of honor. Perhaps, not by coincidence, Nunn was the first case in
which a court struck down a gun law on the basis of the Second Amendment. The
U.S. Supreme Court cited Nunn in District of Columbia v. Heller, its landmark
2008 decision holding, for the first time in over 200 years, that the Second
Amendment protects an individual right to possess a handgun in the home for
self-defense. Why courts or gun-rights advocates think Lumpkin’s view of the
right to bear arms provides a solid foundation for modern firearms jurisprudence
is puzzling. Slavery, “honor,” and their associated violence spawned a unique
weapons culture. One of its defining features was a permissive view of white
citizens’ right to carry weapons in public."
The Second Amendment Was Ratified to Preserve Slavery 1/15/2013 Truth
Out: "The real reason the Second Amendment was ratified, and why it says "State"
instead of "Country" (the framers knew the difference -- see the 10th
Amendment), was to preserve the slave patrol militias in the southern states,
which was necessary to get Virginia's vote. Founders Patrick Henry, George Mason
and James Madison were totally clear on that... and we all should be too. In the
beginning, there were the militias. In the South, they were also called the
"slave patrols," and they were regulated by the states."
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