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AfroCubaWeb
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Operation Northwoods
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Lyman L. Lemnitzer
General, United States Army
www.arlingtoncemetery.com/lemnitz.htm
"In June 1942, he was promoted to Brigadier General in command of the 34th Anti-Aircraft Brigade, but soon received appointment as Assistant Chief of Staff of the Allied Forces Headquarters, under General Dwight D. Eisenhower, in London. After aiding in the planning of the North African invasion, he resumed command of the 34th in February 1943 and led it in the opening phases of General George Patton's Sicilian Campaign. In late June 1943, he became Deputy Chief of Staff of the Allied 15th Army Group (U.S. 7th, British 8th) under General Sir Harold R.L.G. Alexander. He was promoted to Major General in November 1944 and remained with Alexander when the latter became Field Marshal, Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean Theater, in December 1944.
From November 1945-August 1947, he was the Army Member of the Strategic Survey Committee of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and then Deputy Commandant of the National War College until October 1949.
After a year as Director of the Office of Military Assistance in the Department of Defense, he underwent parachute training - at the age of 51 - and was given command of the 11th Airborne Division, Fort Campbell, Kentucky.
In November 1951, he was ordered to Korea to command the 7th Infantry Division. He was promoted to Lieutenant General in August 1952 and was named Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army for Plans and Research.
In March 1955 he was appointed Commander of U.S. Army Forces in the Far East and of the 8th Army, with the rank of General, and in June became Commander of the Far East Command and of the United Nations Command and Governor of Ryuku Island. In July 1957, he succeeded General Maxwell D. Taylor as Chief of Staff of the Army. He held that post through September 1960 when he was appointed Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
In November 1962, he became Commander of U.S. Forces in Europe, and in January 1963 succeeded to the post of Supreme Allied Commander, Europe. He retired from the Army in July 1969. In 1975 he was appointed by President Gerald Ford to a blue-ribbon panel to investigate domestic activities of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). He was greatly respected as a strategist, one of the most durable soldiers of his time, his powers in no degree were diminished even in advanced age. He died on November 12, 1988."
Yes, Ford appointed Lemnitzer to server on the U.S. PRESIDENT'S COMMISSION ON
CIA ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE UNITED STATES (Rockefeller Commission)
A description of this can be found in the Ford Library site at the
University of Texas: http://www.ford.utexas.edu/library/findaid/ciacom0.htm
see especially the narrative at
http://www.ford.utexas.edu/library/faintro/ciacom1.htm
"The U.S. President's Commission on CIA Activities Within the United States (also known as the Rockefeller Commission) was charged with investigating allegations of improper CIA activities within U.S. borders. The files consist of documents created by the Commission in the course of its work (correspondence, testimony, report drafts, etc.), as well as historical documents and exhibit items collected during its investigation.
The portions of the file which are available for research (2.5 cubic feet) deal with the investigation of possible CIA involvement in the assassination of President John F. Kennedy or in anti-Castro plots of the early 1960s...
The Commission investigated allegations that the CIA was somehow involved in the assassination of President Kennedy. Specifically, it looked into allegations that E. Howard Hunt and Frank Sturgis were CIA agents and were present in Dallas ("the derelicts") at the time of the assassination and could have fired the alleged shots from the grassy knoll. It also investigated claims that the CIA had relationships with Lee Harvey Oswald and Jack Ruby."
A masterful stroke... note the irony of Cuban exile Sturgis, a career terrorist with known Mossad ties, being whitewashed by the author of Northwoods.
Lemnitzer was part of the very influential Team B and the Committee on the Present Danger, along with an illustrious cast:
Major General John Singlaub (ret) [of Coca Contra fame] and Lieutenant General Daniel Graham (ret. ) co-chaired the American Security Council's Coalition for Peace Through Strength (CPTS). (1,3) William Van Cleave, George Keegan, Sen. Robert Dole, and Sen. Paul Laxa lt have also served as co-chairs of CPTS.
Other individuals of note who have served with the CPTS include former members of Team B, a pro-military, anti-Soviet team that went on to form the Committee on the Present Danger. These include retired head of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Lyman Lemnitzer; former U. S. ambassador Clare Booth Luce; father of the hydrogen bomb Edward Teller; physicist Eugene Wigner and Charles Burton Marshall, a close friend of ultra-hawk arms negotiator Paul H. Nitze. - www.publiceye.org/research/Group_Watch/Entries-12.htm
Lemnitzer was the subject of a 1961 Senate
inquiry as a possible particpant in the Walker plot. Maj
Gen. Walker was KKK and developed a plan to indoctrinate the Army into his
views.
The Senate Foreign Affairs Committee opens an inquiry into the military far right. Hearings are held by Sen. Albert Gore (D-Tenn.), father of the future American VP. The senators suspect the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Gen. Lemnitzer, of taking part in the "Walker plot." [Since the end of the Korean War, Maj. Gen. Walker was convinced that the US government was engaging in a policy of giving up in the face of Communist progress. After having been relieved of his duties by Secretary of Defense McNamara, and having received a reprimand, he fomented a riot at the University of Mississippi to protest the hiring of a black professor. He was then pursued by Attorney General Robert Kennedy, and arrested for seditious conspiracy, insurrection, and rebellion. Benefitting from the support of the conservative press, who designated him "The Kennedys' Political Prisoner," he was freed after he paid a $5000 fine. He was later to be found financing an OAS plot to assassinate Charles de Gaulle, then driving "Committee 8F" which is suspected in the JFK assassination.] Gore knows that Lemnitzer is a specialist in covert ops: in 1943, he personally ran the negotiations for bringing Italy back into the Allied fold against the Reich, then, in 1944, he and Allen Dulles conducted the secret negotiations with the Nazis at Ascona, Switzerland, preparing the surrender (Operation Sunrise) [The Secret Surrender, Allen Dulles, 1967]. He participated in the creation of the NATO stay-behind network, turning Nazi agents into spies against the USSR, and in the exfiltration of human-rights criminals in Latin America. But Gore did not manage to prove his responsibility in current events.
-- www.boss-tweed.com/conspiracy/effroyab-chap11.html
- Project Officer, Operation Mongoose (Cuba Project), 1961
- head of Group W, CIA, 1962, part of Mongoose
- Army Security Agency, NSA
Possible Actions to Provoke, Harrass, or
Disrupt Cuba, 2/2/62
On February 2, 1962, Brig. Gen. William Craig sent this memo to
Brig. Gen. Edward Lansdale, the commander of the Kennedy administration's
Operation Mongoose. The document lists bizarre and ruthless plans to
"provoke, harass, or disrupt" the government of Fidel Castro.
MEMORANDUM FOR CHIEF OF OPERATIONS,
CUBA PROJECT, 3/13/62
Memo from Gen. William Craig which duplicates some of Operation
Northwoods, dated the same day as Lemnitzer presented Operation Northwoods to
McNamara.
Parascope on Craig
from the defunct website www.parascope.com
| In late 1961, a Mongoose task force was created which
brought together officials from the CIA, the U.S. Information Agency and
the departments of State and Defense. The Pentagon representative was
Brig. Gen. William Craig, who, as the documents show, was never short of
ideas for the operation. Part of Craig's contribution to Mongoose was divulged decades ago. In 1975, while reporting on U.S.-backed assassination plots, the Church Committee in the U.S. Senate took note of "Operation Bounty," a proposal Craig sent to Lansdale in January 1962. The plan was to offer rewards (via leaflets) to Cubans who killed government officials. Lansdale told the Senate investigators that he rejected the plan. However, the newly released documents indicate that Craig pushed for even stronger psychological warfare measures. In one February 2, 1962 memo to Lansdale, Craig listed no less than twelve "possible actions to provoke, harass, or disrupt" the Castro government. (Click here to view the document.) Craig schemed to pin international blame on Cuba for incidents staged covertly by the United States. The aptly named Operation Dirty Trick, for example, would have made it seem that Cuba was responsible for a failed U.S. space launch from Florida. "This is to be accomplished by manufacturing various pieces of evidence which would prove electronic interference on the part of the Cubans," Craig wrote. Another Craig disinformation plot, Operation Bingo, called for faking a Cuban attack on the U.S. naval base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, "thus providing the excuse for use of U.S. military might to overthrow the current government." Some of Craig's plans were more whimsical. Consider Operation Good Times, an attempt to "disillusion the Cuban population with Castro['s] image by distribution of fake photographic material." Craig proposed disseminating "a desired photograph, such as an obese Castro with two beauties in any situation desired, ostensibly within a room in the Castro residence, lavishly furnished and a table briming [sic] over with the most delectable Cuban food with an underlying caption (appropriately Cuban) such as 'My ration is different.'" The image of a fat, satisfied Castro "should put even a Commie Dictator in the proper perspective with the underprivileged masses," Craig advised. Most of Craig's plans never got off the ground, but other materials released by the ARRB document the anti-Castro propaganda operations that were actually conducted. On the one hand there were the overt operations, those openly supported by the United States. These included Voice of America broadcasts and State Department statements focusing on Cuba -- messages that were tailored (to the extent possible) to enhance the secret plans of Operation Mongoose. |
Pentagon proposed pretexts for Cuba invasion in 1962, 4/30/02
National Security Archives, George Washington University
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/news/20010430/
pdf of Northwoods documents
www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/news/20010430/doc1.pdf
Another site that carries the pdf broken up into individual pages for easier
access is emperors-clothes.com/images/north-i.htm
Group Watch: American Security Council - Political Research Associates
http://www.publiceye.org/research/Group_Watch/Entries-12.htm
ON THE ORIGINS OF THE ASSASSINATION OF JFK
www.assassinationscience.com/onorigins.html
"Lemnitzer and his covert action officer, Brigadier General William H.
Craig, reviewed their final plans for OPERATION NORTHWOODS, which would have
placed the responsibility for both over and covert operations in the hands of
the Joint Chiefs of Staff, before heading for a "special meeting" in
Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara's office. 'An hour later he met with
Kennedy's military representative, General Maxwell Taylor. What happened during
those meetings is unknown. But three days later, President Kennedy told
Lemnitzer that there was virtually no possibility that the U.S. would ever use
over military force in Cuba.' "
Macabre Mise en Scene, 5/11/01
by Thierry Meyssan, author of L'Effroyable Imposture
pcfmetz.free.fr/rv.pdf
Interesting discussion of Northwoods, pp 5-9. The French seem to have access
to details of right wing US operations unavailable in the American media.
Excerpt from Body of Secrets by James Bamford
www.internetpirate.com/northwoods.htm
Very readable history of NSA, this excerpt deals with Northwoods
Program Review by the Chief of Operations, Operation Mongoose (Lansdale),
18 January 1962
www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/cuba/mongoose.htm
Operation Mongoose: The Cuba Project, 2/20/62
www.marxists.org/history/cuba/subject/cia/mongoose/c-project.htm
Trading With The Enemy : An Expose of the Nazi-American Money Plot,1933-1949
by Charles Higham, Dell, NY, 1983
Click here to order ==>
Old Nazis, the New Right and the Reagan Administration: The Role of
Domestic Fascists Networks in the Republican Party and their Effects on U.S.
Cold War Politics, monograph by Russ Bellant, Political Research Associates,
Cambridge MA
An excellent, very well researched monograph. Must have. Click here to
order ==>
Documents Relating to American Foreign Policy Cuban Missile
Crisis
www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/cuba.htm
Operation Northwoods
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Northwoods
Chapter
11: The Conspiracy
Northwoods and 9-11
Has good material on history of the document
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Northwoods
From the world's best known ZioEncyclopedia
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Friendly Fire
Book: U.S. Military Drafted Plans to Terrorize U.S. Cities to
Provoke War With Cuba
By David Ruppe
N E W Y O R K, May 1
— In the early 1960s, America's top military leaders reportedly
drafted plans to kill innocent people and commit acts of terrorism in
U.S. cities to create public support for a war against Cuba.
Code named Operation Northwoods, the plans reportedly included the possible assassination of Cuban émigrés, sinking boats of Cuban refugees on the high seas, hijacking planes, blowing up a U.S. ship, and even orchestrating violent terrorism in U.S. cities. The plans were developed as ways to trick the American public and the international community into supporting a war to oust Cuba's then new leader, communist Fidel Castro. America's top military brass even contemplated causing U.S. military casualties, writing: "We could blow up a U.S. ship in Guantanamo Bay and blame Cuba," and, "casualty lists in U.S. newspapers would cause a helpful wave of national indignation." Details of the plans are described in Body of Secrets (Doubleday), a new book by investigative reporter James Bamford about the history of America's largest spy agency, the National Security Agency. However, the plans were not connected to the agency, he notes. The plans had the written approval of all of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and were presented to President Kennedy's defense secretary, Robert McNamara, in March 1962. But they apparently were rejected by the civilian leadership and have gone undisclosed for nearly 40 years. "These were Joint Chiefs of Staff documents. The reason these were held secret for so long is the Joint Chiefs never wanted to give these up because they were so embarrassing," Bamford told ABCNEWS.com. "The whole point of a democracy is to have leaders responding to the public will, and here this is the complete reverse, the military trying to trick the American people into a war that they want but that nobody else wants." Gunning for War The documents show "the Joint Chiefs of Staff drew up and approved plans for what may be the most corrupt plan ever created by the U.S. government," writes Bamford. The Joint Chiefs even proposed using the potential death of astronaut John Glenn during the first attempt to put an American into orbit as a false pretext for war with Cuba, the documents show. Should the rocket explode and kill Glenn, they wrote, "the objective is to provide irrevocable proof … that the fault lies with the Communists et all Cuba [sic]." The plans were motivated by an intense desire among senior military leaders to depose Castro, who seized power in 1959 to become the first communist leader in the Western Hemisphere — only 90 miles from U.S. shores. The earlier CIA-backed Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles had been a disastrous failure, in which the military was not allowed to provide firepower.The military leaders now wanted a shot at it. "The whole thing was so bizarre," says Bamford, noting public and international support would be needed for an invasion, but apparently neither the American public, nor the Cuban public, wanted to see U.S. troops deployed to drive out Castro. Reflecting this, the U.S. plan called for establishing prolonged military — not democratic — control over the island nation after the invasion. "That's what we're supposed to be freeing them from," Bamford says. "The only way we would have succeeded is by doing exactly what the Russians were doing all over the world, by imposing a government by tyranny, basically what we were accusing Castro himself of doing." 'Over the Edge' The Joint Chiefs at the time were headed by Eisenhower appointee Army Gen. Lyman L. Lemnitzer, who, with the signed plans in hand made a pitch to McNamara on March 13, 1962, recommending Operation Northwoods be run by the military. Whether the Joint Chiefs' plans were rejected by McNamara in the meeting is not clear. But three days later, President Kennedy told Lemnitzer directly there was virtually no possibility of ever using overt force to take Cuba, Bamford reports. Within months, Lemnitzer would be denied another term as chairman and transferred to another job. The secret plans came at a time when there was distrust in the military leadership about their civilian leadership, with leaders in the Kennedy administration viewed as too liberal, insufficiently experienced and soft on communism. At the same time, however, there real were concerns in American society about their military overstepping its bounds. There were reports U.S. military leaders had encouraged their subordinates to vote conservative during the election. And at least two popular books were published focusing on a right-wing military leadership pushing the limits against government policy of the day. The Senate Foreign Relations Committee published its own report on right-wing extremism in the military, warning a "considerable danger" in the "education and propaganda activities of military personnel" had been uncovered. The committee even called for an examination of any ties between Lemnitzer and right-wing groups. But Congress didn't get wind of Northwoods, says Bamford. "Although no one in Congress could have known at the time," he writes, "Lemnitzer and the Joint Chiefs had quietly slipped over the edge." Even after Lemnitzer was gone, he writes, the Joint Chiefs continued to plan "pretext" operations at least through 1963. One idea was to create a war between Cuba and another Latin American country so that the United States could intervene. Another was to pay someone in the Castro government to attack U.S. forces at the Guantanamo naval base — an act, which Bamford notes, would have amounted to treason. And another was to fly low level U-2 flights over Cuba, with the intention of having one shot down as a pretext for a war. "There really was a worry at the time about the military going off crazy and they did, but they never succeeded, but it wasn't for lack of trying," he says. After 40 Years Ironically, the documents came to light, says Bamford, in part because of the 1992 Oliver Stone film JFK, which examined the possibility of a conspiracy behind the assassination of President Kennedy. As public interest in the assassination swelled after JFK's release, Congress passed a law designed to increase the public's access to government records related to the assassination. The author says a friend on the board tipped him off to the documents. Afraid of a congressional investigation, Lemnitzer had ordered all Joint Chiefs documents related to the Bay of Pigs destroyed, says Bamford. But somehow, these remained. "The scary thing is none of this stuff comes out until 40 years after," says Bamford. abcnews.go.com/sections/us/DailyNews/jointchiefs_010501.html |
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