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AfroCubaWeb
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Alberto Jones: Race &
Identity - Raza y identidad
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Informe
del Departamento de Estado sobre Cuba: un golpe devastador 3/31/2021 AfroCubaWeb: "Las
hiperinfladas y detalladas acusaciones acerca de la violacion de los derechos
humanos en Cuba, son infinitamente menores que las que Estados Unidos comete a
diario contra los afroamericanos, las crecientes agresiones contra la comunidad
asiatica y judia, los asesinatos masivos a manos de extremistas, supremacistas y
anormales, el ataque y asalto sedicioso del congreso de los Estados Unidos, los
masivos intentos de coaccionar y la supresion de los derechos de votantes
minoritarios sugiere pudiera estarse gestando algo de mayor trascendencia detras
de estas falacias."
En conmemoración del día de la lucha anti-racista en el mundo 3/21/2021 AfroCubaWeb: "Es
triste y duele ver lo poco que se conoce, se promueve o se celebra este hecho en
Cuba. Es triste y duele ver como el problema mas grave, algico e importante que
afecta al pais, continua engavetado y sin tocar, a la espera que esta tragedia
se resuelva por generacion espontanea."
En conmemoración del día de la lucha anti-racista en el mundo 3/21/2021 AfroCubaWeb: "Es
triste y duele ver todo el honor, el respeto, la admiracion y las glorias ganada
por Cuba con el sacrificio, la sangre y la vida de sus hijos en Africa, Asia, el
Caribe y Estados Unidos, evaporarse, perderse y ser lanzado por la borda, debido
a temores ancestrales infundados que Cuba no ha podido superar."
Are Racist Genes
what’s Consuming the Nation? 3/16/2018 Havana Times: "Quite a few Cubans
and foreigners who support the principles of the Revolution have asked
themselves (without finding an answer) how the small Hebrew community in Cuba
has beautiful synagogues, cafes and a hotel in Havana, while the Caribbean
Association which is meant to promote AfroCuban culture between the over 60
embassies belonging to African and Caribbean nations remains dormant, ignored,
without life, instead of being the natural bridge between Cuba, Africa and the
Caribbean. The tiny Asturian Society has luxury restaurants in the capital, the
Chinese have a buzzing China Town and the Arabs have a beautiful cultural
center, while the Ministry of Justice which oversees these activities prevents
food establishments from being set up at the British West Indian Welfare Center
and at the French Tumba Association in Guantanamo and Santiago de Cuba and
doesn’t even think about reviving an Athens Club in Havana."
La crisis racial corroe las bases de la sociedad cubana 10/10/2017 Havana
Times: de Alberto N Jones - "En otra vergonzosa inacción y complicidad oficial
con el creciente racismo que está devorando el país, resultó el anuncio hecho
por la Fiscalía General de la República en el sonado caso de Yanay Aguirre
Calderín."
A Cancer That
Eats Away at Cuba A Cancer That Eats Away at Cuba 6/18/2017 Havana
Times: "Arbitrary ID checks and the selective arrests of Black people on Obispo
street, in Old Havana, Varadero and other tourist spots, have hurt and offended
well-known Cuban and foreign Black intellectuals. The issue of forced
repatriation of people from the country’s interior to their places of origin and
them being insultingly identified as “Palestinians”, has traveled the world and
stigmatized the country to such an extent, that Dr. Ralph Gonsalves, the Prime
Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Cuba’s unconditional friend,
declared himself to be a “Palestinian” in a public speech he gave in the city of
Santiago de Cuba."
Un cáncer
intentando devorar a Cuba 6/17/2017 Havana Times: "El único método probado
para erradicar de una vez y por toda esta grave dolencia que puede corroer a las
instituciones y el alma del país, es combatiendo agresivamente la pobreza y la
marginación de los más débiles, desarrollar una masiva educación de historia,
cívica, cultura y antropología a todos los niveles de la enseñanza en Cuba y
fortalecer la educación de las artes visuales, la radio y la televisión
reformulando y adecuando su programación monótona, acrítica, para que empatice
con la audiencia y los involucre en la búsqueda y solución de la problemática
poblacional del país."
Reviewing "African-Americans should stop lionizing Castro as champion of black
liberation" by Kimberly R Lyle 12/2/2016 AfroCubaWeb: by Alberto Jones -
"Jose Marti, the father of the Cuban nation warned his people with these
prophetic words: Ignorance Kills the People. One hundred and fifty years later,
I read a hearsay laden article from another born-again Cubanologist, Kimberly
Lyle, who has received her information from ultra-right wing Cuban Americans in
Miami* and may have read an article or two on Afro Cuba here and there. In
addition, she pretends ironically enough to write without basis about my home
town Guantanamo!"
AfroCuban Relations with Florida 11/13/2016 AfroCubaWeb: "Booker T.
Washington worked hard to enroll Afro Cubans in Tuskegee College in Alabama,
especially in architecture. Luis Delfin Valdes a Tuskegee graduate, designed the
Club Atenas, a major twentieth-century Afro Cuban cultural Center in Havana. Dr.
Mary McCleod Bethune was acutely aware of the importance of developing relations
with Cuba, which lead her to enroll Afro Cubans as early as 1924 in her nascent
academy of learning in Daytona Beach, where after graduating a couple stayed on
board and excelled in the academic world. Aside from the United States, Cuba had
the largest number of chapters of the Marcus Garvey Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA). Langston Hughes described his detailed search for the
heartbeat and songbeat of Africa in Cuba. He developed a close intellectual
relation with Nicolas Guillen, Wilfredo Lam and other Afro Cuban intellectuals,
which have survived a myriad of adversities to this day through the Latin
America Study Association (LASA) and other organizations promoting scientific
and cultural exchange."
Oportunismo o extremismo barato 10/14/2016 AfroCubaWeb: con carta de
agradecimiento del Congreso Nacional Africano. (Vease la version
PDF)
The Persistent Racial Crisis in Cuba 8/26/2016 AfroCubaWeb: "Recent
controversies in Havana Times and other online media about the heated issue of
racism in Cuba sadly confirm my predictions decades ago. That the unfounded fear
of the Cuban government to recognize and confront the increased racism in the
country and its intent to pretend this tragedy does not exist, would serve only
for this malady to metastasize and end up devouring the victim, if an effective
and aggressive therapy is not applied."
La persistente crisis racial en Cuba 8/25/2016 AfroCubaWeb: por Alberto
Jones - "Las recientes controversias en Havana Times y en otros medios en el
mundo sobre el candente tema racial en Cuba, confirma mis predicciones de más de
una década que el temor infundado del Gobierno cubano a reconocer y enfrentar el
creciente racismo en el país y sus intentos por pretender que esta tragedia no
existe, ha servido solo para que esta haga metástasis y termine devorando a la
víctima, si no se aplica una efectiva y agresiva terapia."
What does the Fourth of July means to Black America? 7/3/2016 AfroCubaWeb: by
Alberto Jones - "A moving article written this week by columnist Leonard Pitts
in the Miami Herald marks the 10th anniversary of the violent death in a “punk
gangster” crossfire of 9 year old Sherdavia Jenkins in Miami. This X-Ray image
of the human disaster that is rooted in that city and has metastasized
throughout the United States suggests the existence of an ethnic cleansing
program in place. In a tragi-comedy ritual, ex-Congressman Kendrick Meek was
speechless, stricken by grief, and that personification of a shameless Florida
politician, then Speaker of the Florida House Marco Rubio, said “we sit on a
crisis of epic proportions,” something I had noticed shortly after arriving in
the US as part of the Mariel boatlift in 1980. Tensions were very high in Miami,
because of the brutal murder of Afro American businessman and Viet Nam veteran
Arthur Mc Duffie at the hands of 4 Hispanic (2 Cubans) police, who smashed his
skull into a pulp with their flashlight. The case was transferred to Tampa,
where an all-white jury acquitted all perpetrators, setting off the first city
wide riot I had seen in my life."
Focus on the harsh realities of black Miami 4/13/2016 Miami Herald: Comment
by Alberto Jones - "Visit the Latin American School of Medical Sciences in
Havana and the Caribbean School of Medical Sciences in Santiago de Cuba, where
thousands of students from over 100 countries are trained to become physicians,
nurses, technologists etc., For Free!. The main task assigned to the Medical
School in Santiago de Cuba, is to train students from Africa and the Caribbean,
especially from Haiti where hundreds have received their degree, are working in
Haiti and probably in your community and whose goal is to graduate 100
physicians per year for the next 20 years. Does anyone really believe that our
kids in Opa Locka, Miami Gardens, Overtown, Cincinnati, Flint or Chicago are
untrainable and born killers? Mr. Monestime, do not fear historical Cuba haters
in the Local, State and the Federal Government, most of whom are descendent of
former slave-drivers and perpetrators of most of the ills of blacks in Cuba. Be
consequent with your duties, seek help for our youths killing each other and
learn, why in Cuba, no black person, has been gunned down on the streets, in
school, the workplace or in church since 1959."
Letter to Michelle Obama from Alberto Jones 2/22/2016 AfroCubaWeb: "Above
and beyond all existing ideological differences between the US and Cuba, I am
inviting you to come to Santiago de Cuba and see for yourself, what this city
was, is and what it can once again become for millions of uneducated, poor and
hopeless young people in the world."
Respuesta Interna 4/6/2014 Desde la Ceiba: por Alberto Jones - "Ante una
nueva escisión que lamentable se ha producido en nuestra incipiente y débil
organización, les escribo temeroso e imploro, que esto no conduzca a un mayor
debilitamiento de los cimientos sin fraguar que estamos tratando de construir. A
pesar de no haber visto publicado las bases, conceptos, filiación ni mecanismos
para llegar a formar parte de ARAAC, el solo hecho de haberse concebido este
abanico unificador de los marginados, obliga a defenderlo, criticarlo,
fortalecerlo y crear un mecanismo de funcionamiento democrático, que augure un
crecimiento, expansión y reconocimiento, que sea capaz de llevarlo a cumplir con
sus postulados teóricos. Mientas ARAAC o cualquier otra institución carezca de
una estructura, una visión, una meta y formas de alcanzarlos, nos limitaremos a
hacernos señalamientos, nos fraccionaremos y jamás lograremos alcanzar la
autoridad interna y externa necesaria para poner en marcha nuestras
aspiraciones, nuestros sueños y obligaciones con la sangre de nuestros
antepasados."
Afro Cuban
Relations with Florida 11/16/2013 Havana Times: "Can anyone imagine Jazz,
professional baseball, Latin American and Caribbean literature, without Afro
American and Afro Cuban close collaboration?"
El racismo y
sus mecanismos de perpetuación 10/23/2013 Havana Times: de Alberto N. Jones
- "El British West Indian Welfare Center en Guantánamo, fue fundado en 1945 y
como una Organización No Gubernamental, realizó un excelente trabajo social y
cultural para miles de emigrantes y descendientes anglófonos. La petición de una
Licencia al Ministerio de Justicia para reconstruir su calamitosa edificación,
operar un restaurante-cafetería o una hospedería, ha sido denegada una y otra
vez, en tanto, un puñado de descendientes asturianos, judíos, árabes y chinos en
Cuba, poseen y operan legalmente cafeterías, restaurantes, casas de alquiler y
un hotel. El grave daño que esta marginación selectiva ha ejercido sobre los
negros en el país puede verse en su estancamiento, frustración y la
desmoralización de sus jóvenes. En el periodo 1960-1975, los negros procedentes
de Guantánamo y Santiago de Cuba, constituían el grueso de los médicos,
enfermeros, maestros y dentistas graduados en Cuba. Hoy la presencia de negros
en estas mismas profesiones está en vías de extinción."
Racism and its
Perpetuation Mechanisms 10/23/2013 Havana Times: by Alberto Jones -
"Simply, these people and thousands more are black and live or lived in a racist
world, where there accomplishments are overshadowed, buried and ignored. Their
contribution to the world are not exalted, or perpetuated by monuments, academic
curriculum, public buildings or in the mass media. This criminal action deprives
our children of their self-esteem, history and positive models in life while
they are bombarded with messages that illustrate and record all the despicable
acts they commit. This ancestral fear of the black, savage, the witch doctor,
that some people assumed is part of the past, still exists in different forms in
the XXI Century."
El Asesinato de negros a mansalva en los Estados Unidos 7/19/2013 AfroCubaWeb: "Cuba
excepto Brasil, recibió el mayor número de esclavos en este continente, lo que
contribuyó decisivamente a su desarrollo socio-económico e independencia de
España, al aportar el 70% de las fuerzas y bajas del Ejercito Libertador. Por
ello, Cuba no puede permanecer ajeno, indiferente o aparentar ser cómplice de
este holocausto. El poder económico de los Afroamericanos sobrepasa los 900 mil
millones de dólares anuales, lo que lo ubica en el lugar 11 por ingreso entre
las naciones. Al mismo tiempo, el presidente Barack Obama reconoció, que ninguno
de los 40 millones de Afroamericanos está exento de ser visto y tratado
selectivamente como un delincuente potencial, sin importar su nivel intelectual,
social, económico o político. Más de 2 millones de profesionales Afroamericanos
en todas las ramas del saber, 110 Universidades negras, 200,000 iglesias negras
y el mayor conglomerado de negros en el mundo de las artes y deportes y millones
de hombres ordinarios sin tabúes, jubilados o activos, constituyen la fuente
donde se podrían atraer a más de un millón de familias preocupados por la
seguridad personal de su familia, donde jamas ocurrirá un Emmet Till o Trayvon
Martin, para residir en la antigua provincia de Oriente, con lo que Cuba podría
duplicar de su producto nacional bruto, abonar salarios justo, abastecer el
mercado e iniciar la recuperación de la decrepita infraestructura nacional."
Cuba’s Ladies in White leader Berta Soler praises exile support 4/27/2013 Miami
Herald: "The leader of Cuba’s Ladies in White thanked Miami’s exile community on
Saturday for its continued support for dissidents on the island and asked for
more moral, spiritual and material help for those who seek to end the Castro
regime. Berta Soler also blamed the Cuban government for the lack of economic
and educational opportunities for Afro-Cubans and affirmed her support for the
U.S. economic embargo against the island." [See comments that include our
columnist, Alberto Jones]
Ecuanimidad, cordura y visión ante el peligro de la división racial en Cuba 4/14/2013 AfroCubaWeb: "Durante
la conferencia celebrada en Miami en Octubre de 1998, “Miami-USA/Cuba, Una nueva
visión”, afloraron los primeros esbozos del interés que la administración del
gobierno de los Estados Unidos, venía prestando a los cambios demográficos que
se estaban produciendo en Cuba a favor de los negros, debido al alto índice
migratorio de blancos y mestizos. Posteriormente supimos del reclutamiento de
candidatos potenciales en los Estados Unidos y otros lugares, sus programas de
formación en la lucha por los Derechos Civiles, su financiamiento, dirección y
la proliferación de filiales en Cuba, a partir de estos graduados de la
Universidad de Mississippi, el Centro Martin Luther King de Atlanta y otros.
Este embrión dio lugar a la formación de los llamados Grupos Independientes
Médicos, Agricultores, Derechos Humanos, Periodistas, Bibliotecas etc.,
compuestos predominantemente por negros y mestizos en Cuba, con el doble
propósito de privar al gobierno del apoyo de un importante sector de la
población y más importante aún, sería que cualquier acto de repudio o represión
en su contra, recayera en este sector, profundizando la escisión dentro de la
sociedad Cubana."
Speculations surrounding Roberto Zurbano’s OP-ED in the New York Times 3/28/2013 AfroCubaWeb: "Few
in the world have any doubt that Blacks in Cuba have made more progress in the
past 50 years than in the previous 500. That’s why every statement in Zurbano’s
essay should be taken as constructive criticism, a continuum of his longstanding
writings, meetings, conferences and symposiums characterized by his never
mincing words, forgiving wrongdoings or being ready to white-wash personal or
official failures. He should never be described or seen as a disgruntled
bystander."
Especulaciones alrededor del artículo de Roberto Zurbano en el New York Times, 3/28/2013 AfroCubaWeb: "Pocas
personas en el mundo dudan que los negros en Cuba hayan avanzado más en los
últimos 50 años que en los 500 anteriores. Cada aspecto contenido en el artículo
de Zurbano, debiera ser visto como una crítica constructiva, una continuidad de
su larga estela de escritos, conferencias y simposios, que lo han caracterizado
por su diafanidad, confrontación de errores y su negativa a justificar las
fallas oficiales o personales. Nunca ha sido un observador pasivo frustrado o
vencido."
Especulaciones alrededor del artículo de Roberto Zurbano en el New York Times 3/28/2013 AfroCubaWeb: "El
análisis prematuro de algunos, las conclusiones superficiales de otros y algún
que otro pescador en aguas revueltas, nos acercara a todos a la temida división
de los sectores anti-racistas, que necesariamente beneficiaria a lo que creemos
combatir. El hecho mismo, que decenas de miles de Afrocubanos han alcanzado un
nivel intelectual que les permite, leer, analizar, comparar y extraer sus
propias conclusiones, gracias a los conocimientos obtenidos por la existencia de
la Revolución, no ha de privarlos de sus derechos de cuestionar, denunciar o
enfrentar errores; ni los excluye de proponer ideas o soluciones para los males
y sueños incumplidos. Más que debilitar al gobierno o sus instituciones con esta
crítica valiente, frontal, sin dobleces, estos planteamientos fortalecen el
entorno y crean un ambiente propicio para elevar el compromiso social conducente
a la formación de una nación mejor, que es en esencia, el objetivo único de la
Revolución."
Speculations surrounding Roberto Zurbano’s OP-ED in the New York Times 3/28/2013 AfroCubaWeb: "Three
years ago, I wrote what some characterized as a harsh and critical view of Cuba
entitled, “A Worldwide Battle of Life and Death,” which appeared in three parts,
referencing the injustices described in Zurbano’s article and attempting to
expose the divisive and dangerous content of Carlos Moore's “Acting on our
Conscience” The fact that tens of thousands of Afrocubans have achieved the
intellectual capacity to read, analyze, compare and extract their own
conclusions thanks to the knowledge obtained through the existence of the Cuban
Revolution should not deprive them of their right to question, denounce or
silence mistakes or forbid them from proposing ideas or solutions for the
nation’s failures and unfulfilled dreams. Rather than weakening the government
and its institutions with his actions, such a courageous, frontal approach
fortifies and creates a positive environment of concern, interest and a social
commitment to create a better nation which is, in essence, what the Cuban
Revolution is all about in the first place."
La tumba de Antonio Maceo - Una visita decepcionante 10/1/2012 AfroCubaWeb: "Creo
que por lo anteriormente expuesto, que es solo una pequeñísima síntesis de las
acciones de Maceo, se merece como mínimo una Bandera, una llama que mantenga
encendidos sus ideales, flores. Pero lo mejor de todo, es que el propio pueblo
que vive en los alrededores del monumento también exige esta pequeña atención, y
cito textualmente: "Esto cobra vida, días antes de celebrarse el aniversario de
su muerte el 7 de diciembre.""
Antonio Maceo's tomb - A sorrowful visit 10/1/2012 AfroCubaWeb: "I believe
the aforementioned, which is a brief summary of Maceo's actions, deserves at
least a Flag, an Eternal Flame to keep his ideals burning and Flowers from his
people. Best of all is that it is the people living around the monument who
demands such basic care and I cite their words: "This place becomes alive days
before the celebration of his anniversary on December 7". I have been told, the
situation is different at the monument in San Pedro, but I cannot speak for I do
not have first hand information. What I do know is that no one is guards over
Maceo's remains and I do not mean a security guard, but future graduates from
military academies who sometimes receive their diplomas at this historic site."
Restañar el honor patrio, honrando a las víctimas 1/15/2012 AfroCubaWeb
Cuba 1912: a blemish on the victims, Alberto N. Jones 11/25/2011 AfroCubaWeb: "Natalia
Ruiz, Popo, Miguel Benavides, Manuel Fournier, Isabel Cayol, Marcelino Vera,
Bellita, Papito Baro and many more described to us, on the porch of our corner
store, at Pedro Agustin Perez and 24th of February squares and at the Veterans
Community Center in Guantanamo, chilling stories about the brutal killings,
hangings and beatings of blacks and mulattos by hordes of enraged soldiers and
volunteers armed to the teeth, who were provided immunity or licensed to act by
local governments. Determined to permanently terrorize blacks and mulattos,
these executioners paraded their horses with mutilated bodies tied to their
saddle and with bags full of ears cut off from the dead through main streets,
squares and the countryside. How can anyone imagine that historian Rolando
Rodriguez never heard nor read any of this revolting evidence in The Diario de
Cuba of Santiago de Cuba, la Voz del Pueblo de Guantánamo and other newspapers
of that era? "
Cuba 1912.
Mancillando la memoria de las victimas 11/8/2011 AfroCubaWeb: de Alberto
Jones
Cuba 1912:
a blemish on the victims 11/8/2011 AfroCubaWeb: by Alberto Jones
The birth and death of a fake man-made feud 6/20/2011 AfroCubaWeb: by
Alberto Jones
Gen. Maceo &
Lingering Racism in Cuba 12/17/2010 Havana Times: by Alberto Jones -
"Likewise, for those responsible to correct and eradicate this revolting social
manifestation from our society, they should be reminded that ignoring this
festering wound, not confronting head on this viper or to pretend this corrosive
mental secretion will fade away, they are setting themselves up for a rude
awakening, when this malignancy metastasize out of control across the island."
General Antonio Maceo, Then, Now and Forever, 12/10/2010 AfroCubaWeb: "No
one in his/her right mind can deny the extraordinary educational advances that
Afro-Cubans have made in the past half a century. Yet, the socio-economic gap
between us and other ethnic groups have persisted and widened in many cases. A
clear and determined effort by many in positions of authority within the
government or holding administrative responsibilities has segregated and
relegated Afro-Cubans to the least desirable jobs, poor living quarters,
stagnation, opposing their promotion into positions of high visibility, all of
which have been clearly identified, repeatedly exposed and denounced with
limited or no success. Racism is today a fact of life in Cuba. For this
monstrosity to take place in the land of General Jose and Antonio Maceo, Quintin
Banderas, Mariana Grajales, Juan Almeida, Jesus Menendez, Guillermon Moncada,
Juan Gualberto Gomez and thousands of others exemplary Afro-Cubans, is an
affront to our history and moral values. This very serious failure through
neglect or indifference, lead to a spurious document entitled “Acting on our
Conscience” which hit the cyberspace on December 1, 2009 like an atomic bomb
pretending to address this repulsive reality."
General Antonio Maceo, Then, Now and Forever, 12/10/2010 12/10/2010 AfroCubaWeb: by
Alberto Jones
A Worldwide Battle of Life and Death. Third Chapter 5/1/2010 AfroCubaWeb: "Is
it necessary to present additional evidence to prove beyond any doubt the
horrific crimes that was inflicted upon innocent people for centuries or the
massive wealth that was derived from such tainted procedure? That’s why it is so
outrageous, disgusting and counterproductive to see a handful of opportunists
attempting to capitalize on known failures, shortcomings and deficiencies in
Cuba’s race-relations, in which, rather than putting forward an honest critique,
offer suggestions or design ways to alleviate the suffering of the Afro-Cuban
community, they have intentionally chosen the path of inciting our people,
fanning the flames of anger, exacerbating their suffering and encouraging
physical confrontation."
Una Batalla Mundial de Vida o Muerte. Tercera Parte 5/1/2010 AfroCubaWeb: "Será
aun necesario, presentar mas evidencias para fundamentar el horrendo crimen que
se ha cometido en contra de África y sus hijos en todo el mundo, para justificar
nuestra demanda de justicia y reparación? Es por ello que resulta tan
vergonzoso, repugnante y contra productivo observar como un puñado de
oportunistas intentan capitalizar sobre las serias deficiencias en las
relaciones raciales en Cuba, en el cual, mas que presentar criticas honestas,
constructivas, sugerencias o el diseño de modelos que sean capaces de mitigar el
sufrimiento de la comunidad Afro-Cubana, estos han optado por el camino de
incitar al pueblo, batir las llamas de la frustración, exacerbar las penas y
estimular la confrontación física, mientras el grueso de los países y entidades
que se ensañaron en nuestro pueblo, se escudan detrás de este mortal
diversionismo."
A worldwide Battle of Life and Death, Part II 4/4/2010 AfroCubaWeb: "What
preconceived notion leads the Cuban Ministry of Tourism to promote heavily and
organize trade fairs in south America, Europe, Asia and Australia, as it
blatantly ignore the purchasing power and geographical proximity of millions of
Afro-Americans and Caribbean potential tourists who would readily feel at home
in Santiago de Cuba, Guantanamo and other areas in Cuba, with whom they hold a
strong ethnic, historical and family bonds? How can we be surprised by rising
racism in Cuba, knowing that the Ministry of Education curriculum has omitted or
intentionally evaded the important historical contributions of Africans and
their descendents in the development of the Cuban nation, has shelved films and
other cultural events depicting blacks in positive, historical accomplishments,
while innumerable films, soap operas and plays made in Cuba or imported, tends
to present black people in servility, dependency or unlawful activities, in
contrast with the Gentleman, Lady or Mistress attributes conferred upon other
ethic groups? Can we plausibly explain how the ICAIC (Cuban Institute of Arts
and Cinematography Industry) has the time and funds to honor the memory of
Yarine, a vulgar pimp turned into a popular fable, but has not had the time,
funds or interest to pay homage to the lives of Bartolome Maso, Jesus Menendez,
Carlota, Jose Maceo or Juan Gualberto Gomez?"
Una Batalla Mundial de Vida o Muerte. Segunda Parte 4/4/2010 AfroCubaWeb: "La
trágica, dolorosa e irreparable inmolación de Orlando Tamayo Zapata, debido a su
decisión de rechazar la ingestión de alimentos, ha desencadenado una ola de
protesta sin precedentes alrededor del mundo, con lo que se pretende estimular a
otros llamados disidentes en Cuba, no a los que residen en el exterior, a imitar
y repetir esta tragedia, como si nuestra cultura fuese Sunni, Shiita, o Taliban.
Sin pretender minimizar, cuestionar y menos aun denigrar esta fatal decisión que
enlútese, mancha y avergüenza a todos, llama la atención sin embargo, que una
reacción similar no se produjo cuando una decena de presos políticos se
inmolaron de igual manera en Irlanda del Norte, ni despues las masacres de
Sharpville, Ruanda y Soweto, las golpizas de miles de negros en Alabama,
Mississippi o Tennessee durante la lucha por los derechos civiles, los miles de
linchamientos a lo largo y ancho de los Estados Unidos o ante la diaria
brutalidad policíaca en contra de la comunidad Afro-Americana."
Blacks bear the brunt of Cuba's brutality 2/28/2010 Miami Herald: "Zapata's
ordeal is being spun from the other side of the coin, too -- the predominantly
white and U.S.-based, right-wing anti-Castro opposition who clearly stand to
score political points from the case of a black martyr. Righteous declarations
can be expected from organizations such as Democracy Movement, the Cuban
American National Foundation, the Cuban Liberty Council and, especially, the
Cuban Democratic Directorate. Many Cuban civil-rights activists accuse these
groups of working to corral and control the new internal opposition forces on
behalf of interests linked to Cuba's former Jim Crow oligarchy. That's why they
see U.S. Rep. Lincoln Diaz-Balart's ``indignation'' over Zapata's death, as much
as president Raúl Castro's ``regrets,'' as a double farce. A staunch supporter
of the tiny, white elite of wealth that was overthrown in 1959, Diaz-Balart can
cry crocodile tears, but during his time in Congress his right-wing, pro-embargo
agenda has only hindered the ability of black Cubans to improve their lot."
[Some observers credit Alberto Jones and Claude Betancourt's articles for this
historic turn against the Miami Plantocracy, unprecedented, to our knowledge, in
any statements by Black Cuban dissident groups.]
Una Batalla Mundial de Vida o Muerte. Primera Parte 12/25/2009 AfroCubaWeb: "Prevalecia
en Miami un racismo furibundo donde acunaron el termino despectivo Marielitos,
lo cual era sinonimo con analfabeto, negro, ladron, asesino, drogadicto,
prostituta y/o criminal. En infinidad de articulos periodisticos y en programas
radiales AM de microfonos abiertos de Miami decian sin inmutarse, “Esta gente no
parecen ser siquiera Cubanos”, lo que significaba que la percepcion generalizada
que fue creado a partir del ano 1959, en el cual los Cubanos se describrieron
como un pais exclusivamente blanco, rico. de casatenientes residiendo en
mansiones con cadillacs, viviendas en la playa, catolicos temerosos de Dios, sin
una gota de sangre negra en sus venas y asociando la religion Afro-Cubana con el
Voodoo de Haiti."
A Worldwide Battle of Life and Death. Part I 12/25/2009 AfroCubaWeb: "Let
me help readers of this very complex issue identify all parties involved, by
pointing an accusing finger at everyone whose voluntary or involuntary actions
may have contributed to bringing us to this extremely dangerous juncture. (a)
The Cuban Solidarity Movement in the US, (b) the United States Government, (c)
anti-Cuba Blacks groups around the world and (d) the Cuban Government, who
stands violently accused of blatant racism in Cuba as denounced in Acting On Our
Conscience. (a) The Cuban Solidarity Movement in the United States is primarily
White and they have strongly supported the Cuban Government based mostly on
events which have taken place since 1959, its impressive social programs,
international solidarity, health and education development, but to a great
extent, with a limited awareness of the 500 years' legacy of slavery, racism,
segregation and inequalities in Cuba."
Sentando las bases para otro 1912 12/8/2009 AfroCubaWeb: "El haber
publicado esta carta abierta, constituye un ataque artero en contra de cientos
de intellectuales Afro-Cubanos dentro de Cuba, quienes durante los ultimos
veinte anos han venido librando una batalla honorable, discreta en defensa de
los intereses de la comunidad Afro-Cubana, obligados a caminar una cuerda floja
en evitacion de ser tomados como agentes de gobiernos foraneos o cajas de
resonancia de grupos desafectos Afro-Cubanos, empenadas en subvertir el proceso
Revolucionario en Cuba. En multiples oportunidades he compartido con el Dr.
Moore y otros, acerca de los peligros de descarrilar este proceso en Cuba, el
cual ha venido mostrando signos de progreso, aun cuando este se mueve con una
lentitud pasmosa. Enfatizamos siempre la importancia de la unidad y la
uniformidad del mensaje de nuestro pueblo."
Laying the groundwork for another 1912 12/8/2009 AfroCubaWeb: "Tens of
pleas for help for the elderly, infirmed, children or those suffering from
natural disasters in this region have gone unheard by these grieving Afro-Cubans
engaged in writing letters and books. How do they expect to stop a hungry baby
from crying, an elderly in pain, an infirmed without adequate medication or a
physically challenged without a prosthesis to make his life bearable? They have
not even been willing to provide technical/professional literature for medical
schools and would rather label those extending a helping hand as Castroites. The
contradictory behavior of these individuals, interested in increasing the
suffering of the same people they gladly provide with a Flash Memory to hear
their diatribe, religious or double edged literature, or hopes of a better
future while starving has never made sense to me. Nor have I ever bought into
their extreme, paternalistic Africanism, when communities ravaged by
unemployment, drug addition, violence, prostitution, murder or ignorance lie a
few miles away from their gated communities and they are oblivious to their
hopelessness and solely interested in what is taking place in Cuba."
A Sincere and Painful Apology to the U.S. Congressional Black Caucus 5/20/2009 Black
Agenda Report
A Sincere and Painful Apology to the US Congressional Black Caucus 5/10/2009 AfroCubaWeb: "These
are the real battles for justice, equality and the future of our nation, that
all Cubans and Afro-Cubans especially should be waging, and not by siding with
those who castrated our independence in 1898 or those who enabled the 1912
massacre and kept us segregated, impoverished, ignorant until 1959 and today.
They are shamefully relying on the dark skin of some who are willing to sell
their intellect and soul to the highest bidder, by attempting to intimidate,
blackmail or create a negative political scene against members of the CBC who
have courageously stood by their brothers in Cuba for the past 25 years."
Another Stray Brother: Rep Kendrick Meek 4/10/2009 AfroCubaWeb: "Regretfully,
I must admit, that for reasons unbeknown to me, US Congressman Kendrick Meeks
and especially now with his bid for a Senate seat, is fully in the fold and
under absolute control of the ultra-right-wing Cuban-American mafia in south
Florida, the same group of people with blood still dripping from their hands,
for untold crimes committed in Cuba especially against people of African
descent, who they despised and continue to despise to this day."
Why Banes Does Not Miss the Diaz-Balarts Nor the United Fruit Co 10/22/2008 AfroCubaWeb: "This
conviction, faith, and trust in their community, their country and themselves,
should have inspired pride, admiration and respect in US Congressman Lincoln and
Mario Diaz-Balart, Ileana Ros-Lethinen, US Secretary of Commerce Carlos M.
Gutierrez and the salaried mouthpieces and parasites of bogus organizations
charged with providing support to their hand-made "freedom fighters" in Cuba.
Instead, they produced newspaper articles, blogs, and radio and TV talk shows,
all intended to confuse, weaken or incite these victims, instead they angered
and compounded their hate."
Attacking Tonyaa Weathersbee 12/2/2007 AfroCubaWeb: "Tonyaa Weathersbee is
a columnist for the Florida Times Union out of Jacksonville. A member of the
prestigious Trotter Group of African American columnists in the US, she has
maintained an interest in Cuba and issues of race & identity there. In
September, 2007, Tonyaa Weathersbee wrote an article about a recent trip she
took to Cuba, One Race, Two Countries. A group of 4 Cuban Americans attacked her
for this article in a letter to the editor, Cuba is no paradise for blacks,
11/07, citing a few myths that are common among Cuban Americans. AfroCubaWeb
columnist Alberto Jones comments on this attack in A Failed Revisionist attempt
To Mask Cuba’s Tragic History, 11/07."
A Failed Revisionist attempt To Mask Cuba’s Tragic History 11/30/2007 AfroCubaWeb: "It
is very upsetting to listen to people who had no contact with a black person
except for their nanny, driver, or cook, who never dared to venture into a black
neighborhood or did not care when blacks were enslaved, segregated, kept
illiterate, and denied their most basic means of survival or when 6000 blacks
were massacred in 1912 when they attempted to express their dissatisfaction with
the prevailing environment, which was implanted and enforced in all likelihood
by the ancestors of these highly offended and aggrieved writers. But to question
and attack Ms. Weathersbee’s integrity, when she has been to Cuba numerous
times, has met with countless Afro-Cubans and non-Afro-Cubans from all walks of
life who have shared with her their views, hopes, and frustration, which she has
corroborated and published, only to be slandered by people who have never been
to Cuba in half a century, is not only obscene, it is another Miami-type veiled,
vicious dog attack, intended to influence the Times Union management and
hopefully get her fired from her job."
Seeing the people, not Cold War politics 11/5/2007 Florida Times-Union: by
Tonyaa Weathersbee, a member of the Trotter Group, an association of Black US
columnists. This article discusses Alberto Jones, whose columns appear on
AfroCubaWeb.
Mi Cubanidad 3/11/2006 Un Bohio: published 10/05 - "My worldview was tinted
by that dogmatic brain-washing (heavy on the bleach) until 26 March, 2000 when I
had the good fortune of encountering the indomitable Dr. Alberto Jones, a
generous Guantanamero, in the historic chapel of my alma mater. Dr. Jones is a
fascinating man whose energy belies his actual age. A defiantly and politely
proud patriot, he also takes great pride in his Jamaican ancestry. I have taken
great pride in passing along quite a few of Dr. Jones' columns and essays over
the years. Among the things I am grateful for about our friendship, the one
thing that stands out the most is the opening of what is an ever-increasing
devotion to freethinking and truth seeking. A price tag cannot ever be put on
that gift and I will be ever grateful for it. The times when I have heard an
African-American express any opinion about Fidel Castro, most of the time, the
opinion that is expressed is one based on that individual’s perception of a
certain significant level of respect he or she has for the Cuban leader. This
perception of Castro is often muddied by the incessant and confusing demonizing
of him and his initiatives as practiced by both this country’s corporate media
and successive administrations in Washington, D.C. Thus, the question that
logically follows is “what are we missing about Castro when it comes to skin
color?”"
Chabot Cuba conference faces a challenged Afro-Cuba 10/19/2005 SF Bay
View: "The panelists reported that the income gap between Black and white Cubans
widened during the "special period" (1990s) after the fall of the Soviet Union
and the tightening of the U.S. economic blockade. Remittances - money sent by
Cubans in the United States to their families in Cuba - go mostly to white
Cubans, 30 to 40 percent. Only 5 to 10 percent goes to Black Cubans. White
families received 58.3 percent of total income in 1999, while Black families
received only 4.3 percent. This income gap reproduces the race and economic
stratification system of the past and is a predictor of the position of
Afro-Cubans in the future. Twenty percent of the audience was African North
Americans, who met with other African North Americans and Alberto Jones on
Sunday to explore a remittance program for Afro-Cubans and to educate and
organize African North Americans to put an end to the U.S. blockade and travel
embargo against Cuba."
Selling the Human Rights Commission to the Highest Bidder 4/14/2005 AfroCubaWeb: "And
today, as a result of an extensive political and economical pressure, arm
twisting or in exchange of political recognition from the United States, 21
countries against 17 supported a resolution presented by the United States in
the United Nations Human Rights Commission in Geneva, in which Cuba was
viciously accused of gross human rights violation for having incarcerated a year
ago, 75 individuals disguised as independent journalists, independent unionists,
independent librarians or independent everything else. There is a huge volume of
audio, video and written documentation, some of it directly from the US
government, which clearly establishes that all or most of these individuals were
in fact agents of a foreign government and on the US State Department payroll,
as well as that of US-AID, and numerous right wing foundations and front
organizations, all devoted to training, directing and sending these individuals
to spread rumors, create racial divisions, incite improper behavior and promote
civil war, as called for in the 500 pages of the Commission for the Assistance
to a Free Cuba report that was chaired by the macabre duet of Colin Powell and
Mel Martinez."
"Afro-Cuban Dissidents Treated Especially Cruelly", Letter to the Los Angeles
Times 10/15/2003 AfroCubaWeb: "Afro-Cuban Dissidents Treated Especially
Cruelly, is the pompous title that Mr. Louis Suarez chose for his Letter to the
Editor, published on 10/15/03 in the Wall Street Journal. This gentleman who
most likely is not Black and knows nothing about what it meant to be Black in
"Democratic" Cuba, is just another mouthpiece of the Cuban-American National
Foundation and tens of other rabid anti-Cuba organizations, bent on faning the
flames of hatred and exacerbating the plight of Blacks in Cuba, in hopes of
re-creating the race-war of 1912."
A Despicable Political Ploy: on BET's charging racist execution of hijackers 6/23/2003 AfroCubaWeb: "Still,
no argument, rationale or evidence, can ever be invoked to explain or justify
the loss of these three lives of otherwise innocent people, victims of this
ongoing international strife, that has brought so much depravation, pain and
suffering to our country. But, to allow ultra-right-wing Cuban-American Frank
Calzon, the Cuban American National Foundation or President George W. Bush to
re-make themselves as born-again advocates of black Cubans wellbeing, is
revolting. Having failed in their 40 plus years of subversive conspiracies to
overthrow the Cuban government through assassinations attempts, invasions,
terrorisms, political and economic warfare, demonizations etc., they have now
identified and redirected all of their financial resources to the creation of a
race war in Cuba. That is why, special effort has been made by the USAID, CIA,
US Interest Section and others, to recruit, promote and dissiminate so called
"dissidents" on their payroll, who happen to be black."
Reactions to
William Rasberry's column on Cuba 2/18/2002 AfroCubaWeb: Alberto Jones
reacts to William Rasberry's column "Cuban Surprise."
Cuban surprise 2/4/2002 Boston Globe: "Perhaps I was surprised most by what
I thought I knew best: Cuba's racial situation. I'd been led to believe by black
Cuban expatriates that Fidel Castro, though he at first had no particular regard
for blacks, had, with the exodus of white Cubans to America, entrusted the civil
service, the military officer corps, and much of the middle class to blacks. It
was one eason I'd been convinced the Miami Cubans were kidding themselves to
dream of a triumphal return to power. Well, in truth I saw hardly any
brown-skinned or black Cubans running anything - not as managers or ministers or
maitre d's, not even as cashiers, clerks, or hotel maids. Black Cubans are in
plentiful supply, as a stroll through the poor sections of Havana will make
clear. But all the good jobs in this socialist paradise seem to go to people we
used to describe as ''light, bright, or damned near white.'' Ask nonblack Cubans
about this phenomenon, and they'll blink as though they've just noticed it for
the first time. There's just no color problem in Cuba, they'll insist." The
brothers here were not leading you astray: there is a marked difference between
the eurotourism sector, completely dominated by whites, and other sectors of the
economy, such as medicine, biotech, and even politics where afrocubans have
reached senior positions. See the writings of
Pedro Perez Sarduy on this
site for a discussion of this phenomena. See also Alberto Jones' response to
this column, Reactions to
William Raspberry's column on Cuba
The attempt to divide Cuba along racial lines, II 8/9/2001 AfroCubaWeb: "Since
the early '90s, cubanologists from different universities, social workers and
even some misguided or ill informed Afro Americans coming out of the civil
rights movement unleashed a flood of newspapers articles, seminars, conferences,
web sites, books, radio talk shows all of which became part of a well concerted
and heavily funded project to divide Cubans along race lines. These initial
concerns with the wellbeing of the Afro Cuba community was welcome by most,
until it became clear that these entities were all advocating similar divisive
and confrontational policies towards the Cuban Government. Most of these groups
used similar terminology, format and even words that are not part of the Cuban
lexicon, which clearly indicates the existence of a command and control center
outside of the Cuban community."
History will condemn them forever 7/25/2001 AfroCubaWeb: "Unfortunately,
many in the AfroCuban community have said, that as long as Castro is in Cuba,
they will not help anyone living there. Whenever Castro is no longer in the
scene, it will be however too late for hundreds of our brothers and sisters, who
may have perished because of our narrow view and retrograde thinking. I
therefore reject any suggestion to ignore our people and align my actions with
those right wing racist Cubans, perpetrators of most of our social ills. Have we
forgotten when these individuals did everything possible for us not to go beyond
the 4th grade, forced us to live in huts with thatched roof, no running water,
no sewer, no electricity, no jobs, healthcare or hopes?"
The attempt to divide Cuba on racial lines 7/9/2001 AfroCubaWeb: "These
initial concerns with the wellbeing of the Afro Cuba community was welcome by
most, until it became clear that these entities were all advocating similar
divisive and confrontational policies towards the Cuban Government. Most of
these groups used similar terminology, format and even words that are not part
of the Cuban lexicon, which clearly indicates the existence of a command and
control center outside of the Cuban community. A great effort was placed on the
creation of Independent Libraries, Independent Journalists, Independent Women,
Children and Elderly Association, Independent Farmers and even Independent
Unions in Cuba, all of this being advocated by people with the lowest union
membership in the world. Outside of Cuba, a series of Afro-Cuban "Think-Tank"
charged with creating and disseminating news, rumors, distortions, or elevating
to "Sainthood" a few salaried Afro-Cuban "Dissidents" that they have created in
Cuba, is in fact their most cherished portion of the puzzle, because it creates
for them an aura of credibility."
La Nacion Cubana 3/21/2001 AfroCubaWeb: "But what makes this issue so
despicable, is that after denying the existence of Blacks in Cuba for nearly
forty years and dozens of other failed violent efforts to topple the Cuban
Government, these ultra-right-wing Miami Cubans, have suddenly discovered that
those Black Cubans who they had vigorously segregated, treated like animals and
denied all means of survival for 500 years, is now, their last hope of
overthrowing the Government."
Stealing my identity on AfroCubaWeb: the ultra right in blackface 10/1/2000 AfroCubaWeb: "And
this is the same media in which they constantly complain how Cuba have
"Darkened" and how they will have to "Bleach" the country as soon as it is
"Free""
"Why don't African Americans speak out against Castro's abuses": Upper Class,
get real! 3/25/2000 AfroCubaWeb: "The insatiable hatred that Myrian Marquez
and hundreds of other ultra-right-wing Cubans profess for their country of birth
is expressed through their daily bilious exudate geared to demonize, denigrate,
and disparage every thing originating in Cuba. Her recent article (1) , "Why
don't African Americans speak out against Castro's abuses" typifies her
impotence towards people of African descent. Having failed in their 40 year old
attempt to overthrow the Cuban Government through assasination attempts,
conspiracies, invasions, economical and bacteriological warfare, bombings,
sabotage, and the longest and most virulent embargo in human history, they are
now resorting to their last hope, a carefully structured and well financed
campaign, designed to promote and stir up racial hatred in Cuba, hoping to
re-enact the Kosovo or West Bank experience."
Crooks, torturers, pseudo-politicians, opportunists, and hired killers line up
against Los Van Van. 10/6/1999 AfroCubaWeb: "One of them, Agustin Tamargo
from Radio Mambi, went as far as openly requesting a THREE DAYS LICENSE - when
the Castro Regime falls - to dole out retribution to all of those who stayed in
Cuba and supported that hated regime. This very disturbing statement is
especially frightening to the AfroCuban community, who, because of its
non-migratory tendency and the intense emigration of Cubans of Hispanic ancestry
to the United States have seen Cuba become a predominantly Black country. Are Mr
Tamargo and his cohorts planning to re-enact the massacre of 1912 and the Ladder
Conspiracy in Cuba or the Rosewood massacre in Gainesville, Florida?"
Un hito en la lucha contra el racismo 11/12/1998 AfroCubaWeb: "Un hecho sin
precedentes en la historia de Miami ocurrió el pasado 31 de octubre con la
celebración de la conferencia Miami-USA/Cuba, Una Nueva Visión, organizada por
el Centro de Política Internacional… Hago por tanto un sincero y crucial llamado
a todos mis hermanos de raza, todos víctimas de ese engendro, para que
analicemos nuestra historia, establezcamos quiénes, cuándo y por qué se cometió
aquel holocausto y luego dediquemos lo mejor de nuestros esfuerzos --tal cual
realizan españoles, árabes, judíos, chinos, etc.--, a contribuir a mitigar el
dolor de nuestros hermanos en Cuba, a crear mecanismos que coadyuven a su
continuo desarrollo, a demostrarles que no han sido olvidados ni están solos y
evitar sobre todo que el dolor personal debido a una injusticia real o
imaginaria, nos lleve a ignorar el reto de millones de nuestros hermanos,
asociándonos indirectamente con nuestros verdugos. Nadie tendrá que
aleccionarnos en las actuales circunstancias. Maceo, Guillermón, Quintín,
Mariana, etc., nos trazaron el camino a seguir. Los historiadores disponen del
rasero por el cual seremos juzgados."
CONFRONTING CUBA'S FUTURE HEALING RACIAL RIFTS IS KEY, BLACK PANELIST SAYS 11/3/1998 Miami
Herald: "Moore, along with author Enrique Patterson, Alberto Jones, executive
director of the Caribbean-American Children Foundation, Florida International
University psychology professor Marvin Dunn, and Winston Hale, head of the
Caribbean Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Miami, told the audience of 125
that the future of Cuba and the Cuban-American community depends on confronting
Cuban racial schisms that have been subordinated and denied for generations."
Caribbean workers were `semi-slaves' in Cuba 8/25/1998 AfroCubaWeb/Miami
Herald: "How can any attorney argue in a court of law that in the midst of the
brutal, repressive environment that Mr. James describes, Santiago de Cuba --
with less than a million inhabitants and Jamaica's closest neighbor -- has
produced in the past 40 years from oppressed ranks more black doctors, dentists,
nurses, teachers, researchers, engineers, scientists than Jamaica in
its 500-plus years?"
A
Cuba in Diaz Balart's Image or that of Today's Miami 7/15/1998 Alborada/AfroCubaWeb: "For
these and so many other reasons, none of us had to flock to South Africa to see
what Apartheid was all about. We were born, lived and many died in our own
Soweto! That's why it is so painful to us when we hear the likes of Diaz-Balart
attempting to apply the content of the Human Rights Declaration to their narrow
and selfish, self serving interest. Where were these demagogues, hypocrites and
frequently active perpetrators of the terrible conditions previously described
when young people were beaten, tortured, disappeared or murdered, and left by
the side of the roads to rot by the military structure that they helped put in
place to protect their illegal loot, stolen public funds, or immoral business
practices? For us to have a clear picture about the real intentions and the
interests that these individuals stand for, suffice to say that Diaz-Balart's
father was one of the highest ranking government official in the Batista regime
while all of the above was happening, and today, both his sons, one as a State
and the other as a U.S. Representative, both represent Miami, which has become
one of the most politically corrupt, segregated, bankrupt, drug ravaged
community in the nation."
Report from
Alberto Jones on the state of the West Indian Welfare Center 5/15/1996 AfroCubaWeb: "he
Spaniards, Jews, Chinese and Arabs are already providing food, medince and
clothing and other resources for their nationals living in Cuba. We are not and
should not do less than other ethnic group do for their people! I have witnessed
the pain, the suffering and the anguish, associated with the absence of the most
basic means of life and its devastating impact. NONE OF OUR PEOPLE SHOULD DIE
FOR LACK OF AN ANTIASMATHIC SPRAY, LOOSE THEIR EYE SIGHT BECAUSE OF THE LACK OF
DROPS, DIE OF CANCER IN UNDESCRIBABLE PAIN BECAUSE OF THE ABSCENCE OF PAIN
KILLERS, OR SEE THEIR CHILDREN GO TO BED, TOO HUNGRY TO FALL ASLEEP. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . BUT, IT HAPPENS EVERYDAY!"
Alberto Jones on the Cuban Economy
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